Rhizosphere is the interface between the plant and the soil, where inhabit many organisms. Within these soil organisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and earthworms belong to the soil community. They are beneficial organisms at different trophic levels improving both soil fertility and structure development, thus collectively promoting plant growth. Earthworm activities redistribute mycorrhizal fungi spores and may give diversified (i.e., positive and negative) effects on root mycorrhizal colonization. Dual inoculation with earthworms and AMF strongly magnifies the response on plant growth. This is through increasing soil enzyme activities and changing soil nutrient availability, collectively mitigating the negative effects of biotic stresses. In this review, we outline the effects of earthworms on AMF root colonization and activitiy. The interaction between earthworms and AMF on plants along with suggested future research are also summarized.
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Lulu Meng1, A. K. Srivastava2, Kamil Kuča3, Bhoopander Giri4, Mohammed Mahabubur Rahman5, Qiangsheng Wu1,3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 687-699, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015427
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Sustainable Development of Agriculture)
Abstract Different kinds of soil animals and microorganisms inhabit the plant rhizosphere, which function closely to plant roots. Of them, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and earthworms play a critical role in sustaining the soil-plant health. Earthworms and AMF belong to the soil community and are soil beneficial organisms at different trophic levels. Both of them improve soil fertility and structural development, collectively promoting plant growth and nutrient acquisition capacity. Earthworm activities redistribute mycorrhizal fungi spores and give diversified effects on root mycorrhizal fungal colonization. Dual inoculation with both earthworms and AMF strongly magnifies the response on plant growth through increased soil… More >
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Liling Kang1, Yuejun He1,*, Lipeng Zang1, Jianpeng Si1, Ying Yang1, Kaiping Shen1, Tingting Xia1, Qiyu Tan1, Bangli Wu1, Yun Guo1, Wei Wang2, Qin Liang3
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 701-717, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014740
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Sustainable Development of Agriculture)
Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi affect nutrient uptake for host plants, while it is unclear how AM fungi interacting with soil litter affect plant growth and nutrient utilization through mycorrhizal networks in karst soil of
deficient nutrients beyond the rhizosphere. An experiment was conducted in a microcosm composed of a planting
compartment for Cinnamomum camphora seedlings with or without Glomus mosseae fungus (M+ vs. M−
) and an
adjacent litter compartment containing or not containing additional litter material of Arthraxon hispidus (L+ vs.
L−
), where the compartments are connected either by nylon mesh of 20 μm or 0.45 μm which… More >
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Chunxue Yang*, Yajie Liu, Wenna Zhao, Na Wang
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 719-729, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015024
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Sustainable Development of Agriculture)
Abstract To understand arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi resources and develop AM fungal species in ornamental plants
with saline-alkaline tolerances, Iris lactea, which grows in the Songnen saline-alkaline grassland with a high ornamental value, was selected as the experimental material, and the colonization characteristics of its roots and the
AM fungal diversity in its rhizosphere were explored. The results of the observations and calculations of mycorrhizae from ten different samples showed that AM fungi colonized the roots of I. lactea and formed Arum-type
mycorrhizal structures. There was a significant correlation between soil spore density and pH value, while the
colonization rate showed… More >
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Abdulkhaliq Alshoaibi*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 731-745, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015476
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Sustainable Development of Agriculture)
Abstract Seeds of three Saudi pearl millet cultivars (Pennisetum spicatum) from three regions (Madinah, Khulais and Jaizan) were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae obtained from the Agriculture Research Center of Giza, Egypt to enhance their salt tolerance. Five different NaCl concentrations (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mM) were used for treating cultivars with and without mycorrhiza. Growth rates, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), proline content and gas exchange were measured to determine the effect of salinity on these cultivars. The results indicated that compared to cultivars without mycorrhiza, all cultivars with mycorrhiza had enhanced growth and physiological parameters… More >
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Nong Zhou1,2, Lingfeng Xu1, Min Yang2, Dongqin Guo1, Qiuxia Gan, Jingjing Zhao1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 747-759, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014858
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Sustainable Development of Agriculture)
Abstract A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of two commercial strains composed of mulple arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species on plant growth, antioxidant capacity, and medicine quality of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in three subtropical soils from Wanzhou, Anshun and Baoshan in fields. The results
showed that AMF inoculation enhanced the fungal colonization rate and activities of both succinate dehydrogenase
and alkaline phosphatase, thereby, enhancing the mycorrhizal viability of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The concentrations of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoids), soluble sugar, soluble protein
and photosynthetic capacity were higher in AMF-inoculated plants than in… More >
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Shiyang Li1,#, Xue-Ao Liu2,#, Lizi Zhao2, Huiqing Huang3, Bei Li2, Zhizhong Song2, Meixia Liang2, Hongxia Zhang2,3, Limin Wang2,*, Shenglin Zhou1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 761-772, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.016314
Abstract Seven in absentia (SINA) family proteins play a central role in plant growth, development and resistance to abiotic stress. However, their biological function in plant response to cold stress is still largely unknown. In this work, a seven in absentia gene IbSINA5 was isolated from sweet potato. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses demonstrated that IbSINA5 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and organs of sweet potato, with a predominant expression in fibrous roots, and was remarkably induced by cold, drought and salt stresses. Subcellular localization assays revealed that IbSINA5-GFP fusion protein was mainly localized in cytoplasm and nucleus.… More >
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Lin Zhang1,2,*, Dong Xie1, Zhong Bian1, Yiting Zou1, Han Zhou1, Wenlu Cai1, Hadi Yeilaghi1, Xiaolei Fan1,2, Changquan Zhang1,2, Qiaoquan Liu1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 773-787, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015229
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
Abstract In recent years, some super hybrid rice varieties were bred with strong culms and large panicles, which are mainly
contributed by the ipa1-2D locus. A gain-of-function allele of OsSPL14 is the ipa1-2D and it can greatly increase
the panicle primary branch number. However, the key downstream genes mediating this trait variation are not
fully explored. In this study, we developed high-quality near-isogenic lines (NILs) with a difference of only
30 kb chromosomal segment covering the ipa1-2D locus. Using the NILs, we explored the impact of ipa1-2D
on five sequential stages of early inflorescence development, and found that the locus can… More >
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ARTICLE
Lin Zhang1,2,*, Yiting Zou1, Zhong Bian1, Dong Xie1, Hadi Yeilaghi1, Xiaolei Fan1,2, Dongsheng Zhao1,2, Qiaoquan Liu1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 789-802, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014880
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
Abstract Rice panicle is the sink organ where assimilation product accumulates, and its morphology determines the rice
yield. Panicle length has been suggested as a yield-related trait, but the genetic factor for its control is still limited.
In this study, we carried out fine-mapping of qPL8, a QTL identified for panicle length in our previous work. Near
isogenic line (NIL) with qPL8 exhibited elongated panicle without obvious effect on other panicle elements. With
five key recombinants from NIL population, the locus was finally narrowed down to a 278-kb region, where
44 genes are annotated. By comparing the genomic sequence of two… More >
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ARTICLE
Gang Wei#, Hongxia Yang#, Jingwen Wu, Zixian Xiong, Nan Wang*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 803-813, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014505
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
Abstract There is a positive correlation between fertility and yield, and the decrease of fertility is bound to a greatly reduced
crop yield. Male sterile mutants can be used in hybrid rice. Therefore, rice male sterility has an important value in
research and application, and the study of related mutants is also very vital. The mutant ms10 (male sterile 10)
reported in this study was induced by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) in the indica maintainer line Xinong 1B.
There was no significant difference between the ms10 and wild type in the vegetative growth stage. However, in
the reproductive growth stage, ms10… More >
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ARTICLE
Tantan Zhang1,2,#, Xiaoping He3,#, Binglin Chen1,#, Longxin He1,2, Xiangru Tang1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 815-826, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014168
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
Abstract As one of the most important nutrients for plants, potassium (K) has substantial effects on growth and development of crops. Present study was conducted in three different sites in South China in late season in 2019 with the
objective to study the effects of different applied amounts of K fertilizer on yield formation and lodging of rice.
Four K fertilizer treatments, K0: 0 kg potassium oxide (K2O) ha−1 (control); K1: 64.20 kg K2O ha−1
; K2: 128.55 kg
K2O ha−1 and K3 153.90 kg K2O ha−1 were applied in the field experiment. The results showed that K2 and K3
treatments… More >
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