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REVIEW

Víctor A. Sánchez-Camargo^1,2, Samantha Romero-Rodríguez¹, Jorge M. Vázquez-Ramos^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 307-330, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014967
Abstract The E2F/DP pathway is a widely conserved regulatory mechanism in pluricellular organisms. The family of E2F and DP transcription factors was originally described having a role in the transition from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. However, the discovery of hundreds of possible gene targets and their involvement in many other biochemical processes, soon showed that they participated in cell development and differentiation, chromatin remodeling, DNA repair and others. The E2F/DP transcription factors can act as either activators or repressors of transcription depending on their association to other regulatory proteins, particularly the retinoblastoma protein, or even… More >

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REVIEW

Muhammad Saqib, Muhammad Akbar Anjum^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 331-352, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.011685
Abstract Crop simulation models constitute the major proportion in decision support systems. A large number of crop models have been developed for potato and few for tomato and peppers. In the literature, thirty three crop models have been reported to simulate potato, nine for tomato and six for peppers. Some of these models dealt with the climate change scenario and others with the crop management practices such as sowing time, irrigation, nitrogen, and insect-pests management. The most evaluated and applied models for potato include; SUBSTOR, and LINTUL-Potato, whereas CROPGRO-tomato model is the most tested and applied for tomato. The AQUACROP is… More >

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Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud¹, Md. Fazlul Karim¹, M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan², Jubayer Al Mahmud³, Kamrun Nahar⁴, Masayuki Fujita⁵, Mirza Hasanuzzaman^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 353-372, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.013259
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Physiology for Crop Production and Sustainable Agriculture)
Abstract Drought is the most common form of abiotic stress that reduces plant growth and productivity. It causes plant injuries through elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Potassium (K) is a vital plant nutrient that notably ameliorates the detrimental effect of drought stress in the plant. A pot experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Japan, under controlled environment of green house to explore the role of K in mitigating drought severity in wheat (Triticum asevitum L.) seedlings. Three days after germination, seedlings were exposed to three water regimes viz., 100, 50,… More >

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Hesham F. Alharby¹, Mirza Hasanuzzaman^2,*, Hassan S. Al-Zahrani¹, Khalid Rehman Hakeem¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 373-388, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.013657
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Physiology for Crop Production and Sustainable Agriculture)
Abstract The mechanism of selenium (Se)-induced salt tolerance was studied in moderately sensitive soybean (Glycine max L.) plants. To execute this view, soybean plants were imposed with salt stress (EC 6 dS m⁻¹ ) applying NaCl. In other treatments, Se (0, 25, 50 and 75 µM Na₂SeO₄) was sprayed as co-application with that level of salt stress. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, SPAD value decreased noticeably under salt stress. Altered proline (Pro) level, together with decreased leaf relative water content (RWC) was observed in salt-affected plants. Salt stress resulted in brutal oxidative damage and increased the content of H₂O₂, MDA… More >

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Hua Zhang^#, Zhongmin Yang^#, Xilong You, Youqiang Heng, Yan Wang^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 389-402, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014156
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Physiology for Crop Production and Sustainable Agriculture)
Abstract Potassium (K⁺) is a necessary nutrient for plant growth and crop production. The K⁺ transporter plays crucial roles in the absorption and transport of K⁺ in plants. Most K⁺ transporters in Arabidopsis have been reported, but AtKUP12, which is a member of the KT/KUP/HAK family, has not yet been the subject of relevant in-depth research. In the present study, we demonstrated that AtKUP12 plays a crucial role in K⁺ uptake in Arabidopsis under 100 μM lowK⁺ and 125 mM salt stress conditions. AtKUP12 transcripts were induced by K⁺ deficiency and salt stress. We analyzed the K⁺ uptake of AtKUP12 using… More >

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Yuying Jiang^1,#, Renhua Huang^1,#, Lei Jiang¹, Ke Chen^1,*, Wenkun Zhu^2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 403-415, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014376
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Physiology for Crop Production and Sustainable Agriculture)
Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve plant tolerance to several abiotic stresses, including heavy metals, drought or salinity exposure. However, the role of AMF in alleviation of soil cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity to plants is still largely unknown. In this study, Cd speciation in soil and subcellular distribution of Cd were used to characterize the roles of application AM fungi in the alleviation of Cd toxicity in alfalfa plants. Our results showed that the addition of Glomus mosseae in Cd contaminated soil (10 mg/Kg) significantly increased soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter in rhizosphere soil with Medicago truncatula… More >

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ARTICLE

Mingda Yang¹, Shouchen Ma², Fujian Mei¹, Li Wei¹, Tongchao Wang^1,*, Xiaokang Guan^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 417-435, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.013175
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Physiology for Crop Production and Sustainable Agriculture)
Abstract Knowledge of the interactive effects of water and nitrogen (N) on physio-chemical traits of maize (Zea mays L.) helps to optimize water and N management and improve productivity. A split-plot experiment was conducted with three soil water conditions (severe drought, moderate drought, and fully water supply referring to 45%–55%, 65%–75%, and 85%–95% field capacity, respectively) and four N application rates (N₀, N₁₅₀, N₂₄₀, and N₃₃₀ referring to 0, 150, 240, 330 kg N ha^–1 respectively) under drip fertigation in 2014 and 2015 in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. The results indicated that drought stress inhibited physiological activity of plants (leaf… More >

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Bin Du¹, Qixia Wu¹, Shuochen Jiang¹, Dingyue Zhang¹, Yue Qiao¹, Yimei Xie², Jianlong Xu^3,*, Jianqiang Zhu^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 437-447, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.012903
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Physiology for Crop Production and Sustainable Agriculture)
Abstract The improvement of grain quality in aromatic rice is very important for farmer to increase their income. Present study was conducted with a two-year field experiment and three aromatic rice cultivars in order to study the effects of exogenous α-ketoglutaric acid on yield formation, grain quality characters and the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP, key component of aromatic rice’s fragrance) in aromatic rice. At heading stage, 0.50 mmol L^–1 (T1) and 1.00 mmol L^–1 (T2) α-ketoglutaric acid solutions were overhead sprinkle to aromatic rice plants, respectively while the treatment which was overhead sprinkled with distilled water was set as control (CK).… More >

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Zhenzhong Jiang¹, Peng Jiao¹, Zhuo Qi¹, He Zhao², Jing Qu², Siyan Liu¹, Dan Yao¹, Piwu Wang², Shuyan Guan^1,*, Yiyong Ma^2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 449-459, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.013247
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Physiology for Crop Production and Sustainable Agriculture)
Abstract The concept of gene-function-genetic trait was introduced to explore the effects of early flowering on the growth and development of maize at the jointing stage and to obtain early flowering mutants using ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. First, we studied gene expression, phytohormones, and lignin content to explore the physiological peculiarities of the early flowering mutant. Then we analyzed the genetic features of the mutants during the jointing stage by measuring physiological and biochemical indices of drought tolerance. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate of the mutant was significantly higher than that of the control and the rate of accumulation of… More >

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Dabing Xiang¹, Wei Wei¹, Yan Wan¹, Xiaoyong Wu¹, Xueling Ye¹, Lianxin Peng¹, Linyun Zhong², Qi Wu¹, Liang Zou¹, Gang Zhao^1,*, Jianglin Zhao^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 461-473, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.011724
Abstract Drought can limit the growth and reduce the yield of crops, but the safe and effective bio-approach to improve the drought resistance of crops is very little. We conducted an experiment in which we monitored the effects of polysaccharide from the endophyte Bionectria sp. Fat6 on the growth of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) seedlings under control and drought-stressed conditions by determining gas exchange, photosynthesis parameters, photosynthetic pigment contents, and metabolite accumulation. Results indicated that the polysaccharide from endophyte stimulated plant growth and increased the aboveground biomass, root mass, and root/shoot ratio of Tartary buckwheat. Application of the polysaccharide… More >

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Paul Chege^1,2, Erzsébet Kiss², Csaba Lantos¹, Andrea Palágyi¹, János Pauk^1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 475-487, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.013557
Abstract Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] can benefit from accelerated breeding and release of improved varieties through doubled haploid technology. The technology has been used in speeding up the breeding of other major cereals such as wheat, maize and rice, for which generally widely applied optimised protocols exist. A reproducible protocol for the crop, that can overcome genotype dependency and other species-specific challenges such as phenolic exudation is however lacking. This study aimed at sorghum doubled haploids production thereby contributing to the development of an improved protocol. From the 28 hybrid genotypes, both F₁ registered- and experimental hybrids involved, this study… More >

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ARTICLE

Dhriti Kapoor¹, Kapani Kavani¹, Amandeep Rattan², Marco Landi^3,*, Anket Sharma^4,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 489-501, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.012359
Abstract Heavy metal toxicity is one of the major ecosystem concerns globally in present time and is also responsible for significant threat to agronomic crops. The current work was conducted to investigate the possible ameliorative role of proline in Coriandrum sativum L. seedlings treated with mercury (Hg). The seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of Hg (0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mM) for 20 days. The effects of pre-sowing treatment with proline were studied on C. sativum seedlings in terms of pigment (chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanins), malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant compound (glutathione, total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid) and osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine).… More >

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Zahoor Ahmad^1,2,*, Ejaz Ahmad Waraich³, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman⁴, Muhammad Ashar Ayub⁴, Muhammad Usman⁴, Hesham Alharby⁵, Atif Bamagoos⁵, Celaleddin Barutçular¹, Muhammad Ali Raza⁶, Fatih Çiğ⁷, Ayman El Sabagh^7,8,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 503-514, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.013588
Abstract Water is essential for the growth period of crops; however, water unavailability badly affects the growth and physiological attributes of crops, which considerably reduced the yield and yield components in crops. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar phosphorus (P) on morphological, gas exchange, biochemical traits, and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under normal as well as water deficit situations at the Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan in 2014. Two different treatments (control and P @ 8 kg ha⁻¹ ) and four hybrids (Hycorn, 31P41, 65625,… More >

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ARTICLE

Hans Christian Correa-Aguado^1,3, Gloria Viviana Cerrillo-Rojas¹, Alejandro Rocha-Uribe², Ruth Elena Soria-Guerra², José Francisco Morales-Domínguez^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 515-531, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.013619
Abstract The need for renewable energy sources makes microalgae an essential feedstock for biofuels production. The molecular aspects and the response to nitrogen (N)-limited conditions with a phytohormone stimulus in microalgae have been slightly explored. In this work, Scenedesmus obliquus was used as a study model to analyze the effect of benzyl amino purine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA) coupled to nitrogen limitation on cell growth, biomass and fatty acids. The selected 10^-5 M BAP increased the biomass by 1.44-fold, and 10^-6 M GA by 1.35-fold. The total lipids also increased by 2.8 and 1.11-fold, respectively. The 10^-5 M BAP and… More >

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Mercedes Georgina Ramírez-Aragón¹, Victoria Jared Borroel-García¹, Ramón Valenzuela-Soto¹, Ricardo David Valdez-Cepeda², Francisco Javier Wong-Corral³, José Luis García-Hernández^4,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 533-541, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.013166
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Secondary Metabolites: Recent Advances and Opportunities)
Abstract The extraction of bioactive compounds has become one of the most interesting areas of modern chemistry. For therapeutic reasons, it´s important to obtain antimicrobial agents from natural origin. The objective of the present study was to determine the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of basil (Ocimum basilicum L. var. Red Rubin) subjected to different concentrations of potassium (K⁺) on the activity of three bacterial strains that are pathogens in humans. Susceptibility was evaluated by inhibition surface and these results were compared to two antibiotics: Gentamicin (GE) and Ciprofloxacin (CPF) for their efficacy against each bacterial strain. Analyzed variables presented significant… More >

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Anna Stepanova^1,*, Maria Malunova¹, Svetlana Salamaikina¹, Renat Selimov², Aleksandra Solov’eva¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 543-552, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.013223
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Secondary Metabolites: Recent Advances and Opportunities)
Abstract Rhodiola quadrifida is a rare mountain medicinal plant whose root extracts are used in traditional Chinese medicine as a hemostatic, antitussive, and tonic in the treatment of gynecological diseases. The aim of the study was to obtain R. quadrifida cultures at different degrees of differentiation in vitro and compare their growth characteristics and the content of salidroside and rosavin. Hairy roots were obtained by incubating cotyledons and hypocotyls in a suspension of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. The presence of the rolB and rolC genes was proven by polymerase chain reaction. The obtained roots were cultivated in Murashige-Skoog medium (MS). Calluses… More >

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Wei Tan¹, Mingxiu Xu¹, Siqi Xie¹, Yan Zhang¹, Shuai Wu¹, Qinyan Zou¹, Qifeng Zhao², Qingliang Li^3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 553-570, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014082
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Secondary Metabolites: Recent Advances and Opportunities)
Abstract To understand the anthocyanin characteristics of wine grape varieties, the anthocyanin composition and content of 31 wine grape varieties were analyzed to explore the use of anthocyanins as chemical fingerprints to distinguish varieties. Results showed that a total of 21 anthocyanins were detected in the skins, including cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin 3-monoglucosides (or 3,5-diglucosides) along with the corresponding acetyl and p-coumaroyl derivatives. The highest and lowest total amount of anthocyanins were detected in ‘Ruby Cabernet’ and ‘Muscat Rouge’, respectively. In the 21 Vitis vinifera grapes, there were 3~11 monoglucoside anthocyanins detected, however, there were 4 to 9 monoglucoside… More >

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Jiaji Zhang¹, Xiaofei Long¹, Yuhao Weng¹, Tielong Cheng², Jisen Shi¹, Jinhui Chen^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 571-582, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014191
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Tree Somatic Embryogenesis and Application)
Abstract Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb. is an excellent roadside tree and medicinal tree species with considerable ornamental and economic value. In this study, we successfully developed a large-scale micropropagation protocol for C. japonicum for the first time. Sterilized shoots were excised and used as explants for shoot induction on several basal media, supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs), such as Thidiazuron (TDZ), N⁶ -Benzyladenine (6-benzylaminopurine) (BA), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and Gibberellic acid (GA₃). After comparison, the most efficient medium for shoot regeneration was 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.5 mg L^–1 BA, 0.05 mg L^–1 NAA and… More >

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Kuipeng Li^1,2, Hua Han¹, Yunhui Xie¹, Xiaomei Sun^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 583-593, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.013912
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Tree Somatic Embryogenesis and Application)
Abstract Optimization of in vitro adventitious root induction contributes to the development of a large-scale production system of hybrid clone seedlings of larch (Larix spp.). We used orthogonal testing to investigate the factors that affect the rooting of hybrid larch shoots–activated carbon, vitamin B1, sucrose, glycine, glutamic acid (Glu), cysteine, pH, and induction time in the dark and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Variance analysis showed that the effects of sucrose concentration on rooting rate, survival rate, and average root number, pH on the average number of roots; and Glu on survival rate were all significant (p < 0.05) when compared to the… More >

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Si ran Wang^#, Jia Yan^#, Bu er Ha, Yu’e Bai^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 595-604, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.013693
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Tree Somatic Embryogenesis and Application)
Abstract Hydrangea bretschneideri Dipp is a highly popular ornamental plant for garden decoration. Genetic engineering technology has been successfully used in many plant species, but it is limited in Hydrangea. Here we established an efficient regeneration system by using stem segments as explants for the first time. In our study, the plant growth regulators (PGRs) were evaluated at the different regeneration processes, including axillary shoots regeneration and root induction. We found that the optimal concentration for axillary buds’ induction was 2.0 mgL⁻¹ 6-BA and 0.5 mgL⁻¹ 1 IAA, its highest induction rate was 70%. Moreover, the highest axillary shoots proliferation coefficient… More >

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Yasmin Vázquez-Santos¹, Yuriana Martínez-Orea¹, Javier Álvarez-Sánchez¹, Noé Manuel Montaño², Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde², Silvia Castillo-Argüero^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 605-619, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014208
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Sustainable Development of Agriculture)
Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of Acaena elongata colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to different phosphorus (P) concentrations, as a measure of AMF dependency. A. elongata, is a species from soils where P availability is limited, such as temperate forests. Our research questions were: 1) How do different P concentrations affect the AMF association in Acaena elongata, and 2) How does the AMF association influence A. elongata’s growth under different P concentrations? A. elongata’s growth, P content in plant tissue, AMF colonization and dependency were measured under four P concentrations: control (0 g P… More >

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Lihan Cui¹, Lijie Yan¹, Xiaohu Zhao¹, Lin Yuan², Jing Jin³, Jingcheng Zhang^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 621-634, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015511
Abstract Tea plant stresses threaten the quality of tea seriously. The technology corresponding to the fast detection and differentiation of stresses is of great significance for plant protection in tea plantation. In recent years, hyperspectral imaging technology has shown great potential in detecting and differentiating plant diseases, pests and some other stresses at the leaf level. However, the lack of studies at canopy level hampers the detection of tea plant stresses at a larger scale. In this study, based on the canopy-level hyperspectral imaging data, the methods for identifying and differentiating the three commonly occurred tea stresses (i.e., the tea leafhopper,… More >

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Fujia Wu¹, Chengming You², Jie Du³, Xiangjun Pei^4,*, Ningfei Lei⁴, Bo Tan², Huixing Song^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 635-650, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014298
Abstract The humification degree of fresh litter directly controls the accumulation of soil humus derived from plant litter, but very little information on this process is available. Planted forests are well known to restrict soil fertility, which is often indicated by the soil humus level. In this study, fresh litter was collected during different plant phenological stages during 2016 and 2017 in a mixed plantation in Southwest China. The values of hue coefficient ΔlogK (absorbance ratio of 400 nm and 600 nm on a logarithmic scale), optical density E4/E6 (absorbance ratio of 400 nm and 600 nm) and A600/C (absorbance at… More >

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Hira Javaid Siddiqui¹, Shamim Gul^1,2,*, Attiq-ur-Rehman Kakar³, Umbreen Shaheen⁴, Gul Bano Rehman¹, Naqeebullah Khan³, Samiullah³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 651-676, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.011413
Abstract This pot-based study investigated the influence of poultry manure and 1:1 mixture of poultry manure + biochar (produced from farmyard manure [FYM] or wood), on the biomass production and concentration of heavy metals in leaves of lettuce and spinach. The concentration of mineral nitrogen (N) and soluble inorganic phosphorus (P) of soils cultivated with these vegetables was also investigated. The application of poultry manure or FYM biochar in soil as 10% (equivalent to 60 t ha^–1 , an estimated 1726.8 kg ha^–1 N in poultry manure and 1353.9 kg ha^–1 N in FYM) and 15% amendment (equivalent to 90 t… More >

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Monika C. Dayarathne¹, Rashika S. Brahmanage², Kevin D. Hyde^2,3, Yong Wang^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 677-686, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.012897
Abstract A fungus similar to the monotypic genus Natarajania, isolated from dead wood and collected in Thailand, is reported. Analysis of partial ribosomal LSU and a protein coding gene (RPB2) demonstrated that the new isolate belonged to Stilbosporaceae, Diaporthales and genetically different from N. indica. It is unique in producing synnematous conidiophores, smooth-walled conidiogenous cells and a flared collarette but lacks an elongated collar-canal which is distinct in the type species. Therefore, sequence data and morphological traits are used to introduce the new species, Natarajania thailandica. More >

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