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Robles-Hernández L, J Hernández-Huerta, AC González-Franco, OA Hernández-Rodríguez, A Núñez-Barrios, R Pérez-Leal
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 253-261, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.253
Abstract Chili pepper is one of the main crops of economic importance in Mexico, and Fusarium wilting is a disease that limits its production. In addition, the inappropriate use of agrochemicals in farming activities generate environmental and health problems. Therefore, in this study the effectiveness of Streptomyces sp PRIO41 was evaluated as a (1) biocontrol agent of Fusarium spp and (2) plant growth promoter bacteria. Assays of pathogenicity and virulence of Fusarium spp. in jalapeño pepper seeds, and interactions of these pathogens with Streptomyces PRIO41 were evaluated under two nutritional conditions. In the greenhouse, the effectiveness of Streptomyces sp.… More >

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Reta-Sánchez DG¹, JS Serrato-Corona², HM Quiroga-Garza¹, A Gaytán-Mascorro¹, JA Cueto-Wong¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 262-271, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.262
Abstract Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) forage potential can be enhanced through its regrowth capacity and higher production in narrow rows. A field experiment was conducted in Matamoros, Coahuila, Mexico, during 2 growing seasons (2004 and 2005) to study the effects of plant height and row spacing on kenaf forage potential with multiple harvests. This study evaluated the effects of (1) 2 plant heights at cutting (1.0-1.2 m and 1.8-2.0 m) and (2) 4 inter row spacings (0.19, 0.38, 0.57 and 0.76 m) using a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized block design… More >

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1038

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Yescas CP¹, MA Segura C¹, L Martínez C², VP Álvarez R¹, JA Montemayor T¹, JA Orozco V¹, JE Frías R¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 272-279, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.272
Abstract The scarcity of water in arid and semiarid regions of the world is a problem that every day increases by climate change. The subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and changes in population density of plants are alternatives that can be used to make a sustainable use of water. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the combination that allows for an increased corn performance and efficient use of water without losing the quality of forage. Three different irrigation levels were applied through a system of a SDI at three different densities of forage maize… More >

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Garay MM¹, NM Amiotti², P Zalba¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 280-287, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.280
Abstract Afforestation is a recommended practice to mitigate global warming. However, their implementation may generate undesirable impacts, mostly if exotic species are used. Plantations of Pinus radiata D Don in Ventania (Bs. As., Argentina) soils showed notorious increments of extractable P (Pe), which could affect the dynamic of this element as well as the degree of phosphorus saturation (GSP_Bray). The objectives of this study were: i) to quantify the GSP_Bray in Mollisols afforested with P. radiata comparing the results with those coming from adjacent, natural grassland areas (base line); ii) to evaluate the potential environmental risk induced by afforestation… More >

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911

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Maroyi A, MT Rasethe
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 288-297, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.288
Abstract Documentation of use patterns of plants across national boundaries is of relevance in understanding the importance of plant resources to livelihood strategies of different ethnic groups. Plant resources have gained prominence as a natural asset through which families derive food, firewood, income, medicines and timber, enabling particularly poor communities to achieve self-sufficiency. The objective of this study was to investigate the trends in plant usage in South Africa and Zimbabwe. An ethnobotanical investigation was conducted between January 2012 and January 2013 in the Limpopo Province, South Africa and the Midlands Province, Zimbabwe. The study used… More >

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Gutiérrez C JL¹, G González C², MA Segura C³, I Sánchez C², JA Orozco V³, M Fortis H³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 298-305, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.298
Abstract Leonardite is an oxidized form of lignite carbon, which is obtained from fossilized organic materials. Such materials are used for the extraction of humic acids (HA). The result of the addition of HA of organic origin on soil structure is known; however, the effects of adding HA of Leonardite on soil structure have been scarcely investigated. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine the influence of humic acids derived from Leonardite in increasing the aggregate stability of an Aridisol under greenhouse conditions, and (2) evaluate the morphology of the root xylem during the… More >

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Salomón N¹, V Misller¹, C Delrieux², R Miranda³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 306-311, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.306
Abstract Color is one of the factors used in quality estimation in many agricultural and food products. Currently, the evaluation of color depends on judgments made by human experts. These are subjective and inevitably affected by physical, physiological and environmental conditions. Suitable instrumental is required to provide objectivity and coherence to color measurements and quantitative expressions. It would be very useful to have tools that allow both practical and precise approaches to chromatic evaluation of products for human consumption. This work suggests a methodology which might contribute to solve that constraint and the analysis of environmental… More >

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990

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Gutiérrez-Guzmán UN¹, E Castellanos-Pérez¹, JJ Q uiñones-Vera¹, JS Serrato-Corona¹, JJ Martínez-Ríos¹, I Orona-Castillo¹, I Chairez-Hernández²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 312-318, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.312
Abstract A regression model was used to determine the relationship between aerial herbaceous biomass and vegetation coverage estimated by digital images. Four samplings (n=36 each date) of vegetation cover and herbaceous biomass were performed during the growing season in 2011 in a grassland dominated by Bouteloua gracilis in La Cieneguilla, Municipality of Villa Hidalgo, Durango. Average production of dry biomass was 37.36 ± 9.66 g/m², and mean vegetation cover 30.02%. Dry biomass data were tested for normality using the test of Kolmogorov Smirnov, finding a lack of fit. The data were subjected to a logarithmic transformation and the… More >

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953

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Díaz López E¹, A Morales Ruíz¹, EJ Vargas Ramírez¹, P Hernández Herrera¹, RC Reséndiz Melgar¹, I Brena Hernández², JM Loeza Corte²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 319-330, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.319
Abstract The effect of six phosphorus levels (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg/ha) on the duration of cumulative leaf area, biomass and agronomic yield was determined in the maize cultivars: Amarillo Almoloya, Cacahuacintle and Condor in 2010 and 2011. Such cultivars were sown in the Cerrillo Piedras Blancas Mexico. A completely randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement was utilized. High phosphorus levels (120, 160 and 200 kg/ha) positively affected the duration of cumulative leaf area; greatest values were obtained in Cacahuacintle. A greater duration of accumulated leaf area contributes to determine high values More >

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937

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López-Elías JA, R González-Vega, E Márquez-Ríos, W Torres-Arreola
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 331-337, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.331
Abstract Proteins are one of the major metabolites in biomass from microalgae that constitute the diet of marine organisms grown in aquaculture, and are essential for their growth. The quantity of this component is influenced by nutrients, temperature and light intensity, among others. We examined the growth, biomass production and protein of Chaetoceros muelleri with two sources of nitrogen (nitrate and urea) at three concentrations, using the medium f/2 (0.88 mol/L) (nitrates) as control. The treatments were the medium 2f (3.53 mol/L) and 4f (7.05 mol/L) with NO_3^-, and the medium f/2 (0.88 mol/L), 2f (3.53mol/L) and 4f More >

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1427

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Siliquini OA¹, GA Orioli², JC Lobartini²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 338-344, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.338
Abstract Onion (Allium cepa) is an important horticulture crop because of its value as a food with a long shelf life being a relatively non-perishable product. It is very helpful to understand the growth response of the seeded onion crop to conduct appropriate field practices in attaining the highest or optimum yields. A three year field experiment was conducted using a variety of onion Valcatorce INTA, in a randomized block design with five replicates. Treatments were two plant densities and three rates of N application. The bulb growth followed a classical sigmoid curve. During the rapid growing More >

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1023

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González-Mendoza D¹, A García-López¹, C Ceceña Duran¹, O Grimaldo-Juarez¹, M Aviles-Marín¹, Y Pérez-Luna², P Álvarez-Gutiérrez²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 345-350, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.345
Abstract We studied the changes in the number of leaves, roots and height on three cultivars of Capsicum anuumm (Jalapeño, Serrano and De árbol) after inoculation with Glomus intraradices FS18 and Glomus Zac-19. Results indicated that Glomus intraradices FS18 produced greater effects on height (6.12 and 5.63 cm) and number of leaves (10.66 and 5.84) in the cultivars “Jalapeño” and “De árbol”, respectively. On the other hand, Glomus zac-19 stimulated the number of leaves and roots in “Serrano” pepper (6.17 leaves and 15.31 roots) and “Arbol” (6.52 leaves and 26.32 roots). Our results demonstrate the capacity of Glomus intraradices FS18 and Glomus Zac-19 More >

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951

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Guan Z-J^1,3,4*, S-B Lu^2*,Y-L Huo⁵, B Guo³, Z-P Guan⁶, Y-H Wei³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 351-357, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.351
Abstract Leaf explants of the HBsAg-transgenic cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutant were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium, supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.05 mg/L IAA for callus induction, to clarify the physiological and biochemical characteristics of morphogenesis development. Therefore, the physiological and biochemical changes during the development of organogenic shoots and somatic embryos in the mutant were studied. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the mutant had only one peak value on the 21st day. Peroxidase (POD) activities of the mutant declined less sharply since the explants were cultured. IAA oxidase activity of… More >

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904

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Sinagawa-García SR¹, A Gutiérrez-Díez¹, A Mora-Olivo², MC Juárez-Aragón², JA Torres-Castillo²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 358-367, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.358
Abstract A general biochemical description of an aqueous extract obtained from Ibervillea sonorae root was reported; furthermore, a histological description for the root is included. A bromatological analysis was carried out, and it indicated that the study nutritional variables were similar to those reported in other edible tuberous roots including sweet potatoe, mandioca, bean yam and arracacha. For the first time, the presence of an active proteinase at alkaline pH and the inhibitory activity of trypsin were reported for this root. Several medical and bioactive properties have been attributed to the wereke root. Nevertheless, deeper studies are More >

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Chen XJ¹, RJ Guo², YJ Tao², X Hu², QL Xu²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 368-374, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.368
Abstract PttKN1 gene (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides KNOTTED1) was isolated from the vascular cambium of a hybrid aspen. Previous studies on transformed plants with the PttKN1 gene suggested that it plays roles in plant development (typically in meristem initiation), maintenance and organogenesis in simple-leaved species. To investigate the gene functions further, sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid was conducted. The results suggested that the gene belongs to the class I KNOX gene (KNOTTED1-like homeobox genes) family and might play important roles in plant development by coding a transcription factor. The gene was introduced into Cardamine hirsuta using… More >

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936

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Osorio-Córdoba J¹, LL Rodriguez-Verástegui¹, F Díaz de León-Sánchez², E Bosquez-Molina¹, JR Verde-Calvo¹, HB Escalona-Buendía¹, LJ Pérez-F lores², C Pelayo-Zaldívar¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 375-384, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.375
Abstract Cactus stems, the cladodes of Opuntia spp. cacti, are consumed in Mexico and other countries due to their fresh and herbaceous flavor, and because of their widely known nutraceutical benefits. In order to extend the postharvest life of this vegetable, the effect of a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) was studied in cactus stems of the cultivar Atlixco stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 20 days under three types of atmospheres: (1) air (passive atmosphere), (2) 5 kPa O₂ + 4 kPa CO₂, and (3) N₂. During storage, the titratable acidity decreased and the color of cladodes… More >

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Pompa-García M¹, E Jurado²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 385-389, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.385
Abstract Arctostaphylos pungens HBK is a dominant species with increasing abundance and distribution in chaparral ecosystems as a result of range management and, possibly, changes in climate. The value of this species for carbon (C) sequestration is unknown, and the standard 50% C out of total tree biomass is used as an approximate value. In this study, we aim to determine the C concentration of the primary components of A. pungens. The total C expressed as a percentage of biomass was determined with a Solids TOC Analyzer. We found the C concentration to vary among components. Leaves exhibited the More >

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938

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Kröpfl AI¹, VA Deregibus², GA Cecchi³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 390-396, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.390
Abstract We developed a functional model for a shrub steppe vegetation of the eastern Monte Phytogeographical Province in Río Negro (Argentina) with six stable states and 12 transitions, based on the woody encroachment degree, characteristics of the herbaceous layer and the soil surface, and biological crust cover. Information was obtained from letters of naturalists and travelers along the region since the late eighteenth century, reports of old settlers, and our own research work. On the Monte, different functional groups can be distinguished. Our work focused on the three most conspicuous to analyze the dynamics of the… More >

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Ramírez Gerardo MG¹, MA Chávez-García², J Mejía-Carranza²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 397-406, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.397
Abstract In the floriculture region of Tenancingo in the State of Mexico, the application of stabilized organic matter, such as vermicompost and leachates, contributes to improve the quality of the soil and plant nutrition. However, it is important to know the chemical composition of a vermicompost and the mineralization process. This is because the amount and speed of nutrient release which will be available to the crop will depend on that knowledge. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the application of a vermicompost and leachates on various quantitative variables of Solidago x… More >

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1003

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Bustingorri C, K Balestrasse, RS Lavado
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 407-416, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.407
Abstract Arsenic (As) and Fluoride (F) are present in many soils, affecting crops and posing risks in the food chain. We performed pot experiments on spiked soils enriched in these elements either individually or simultaneously, over a wide range of concentrations. Soybean biomass production, grain yield, As and F accumulation and distribution within the plant, and the antioxidant response to these stresses were analyzed. Arsenic was more toxic than F. At As levels >35 mg/kg and F levels >375 mg/kg, yield loss reached 60% and 30%, respectively. At the highest dose of As plants died within More >

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Zhang J¹, C Zhou², YF Yang¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 417-422, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.417
Abstract Spatial expansion of clonal plants and growth of their modules are of concern in the field of plant ecology. After measuring a large number of samples, we analyzed the module components and the growth patterns of vegetatively propagated Agropyron michnoi clones in the Songnen Plain on Northeast China. The results showed that the plasticity of clonal growth was large; the coefficients of variation of both extensive areas and the quantitative characters of modules were more than 20%. The numbers of ramets, seedlings, and buds and the cumulative length of the rhizomes showed exponentially and linearly increasing More >

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910

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Kiehr M¹, R Delhey¹, J Lusto²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 423-426, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.423
Abstract A new disease of lettuce has been observed in the surroundings of Bahía Blanca, Argentina. The symptoms include dwarfing, general chlorosis, wilting, root rot, and leaf blight, sometimes followed by plant death. Pythium tracheiphilum Matta was found to be consistently associated with those symptoms. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of this oomycete are described. Isolates obtained from field-infected lettuce plants were inoculated to lettuce and caused similar symptoms as those found in natural infections. Seedling emergence was also severely affected following experimental inoculation. Koch’s Postulates were fulfilled by recovering the fungus from inoculated plants. The new More >

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958

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González-Álvarez M, S Moreno-Limón^*, SM Salcedo-Martínez, EC Pérez-Rodríguez
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 427-434, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.427
Abstract The agricultural sector, and particularly the horticultural production, has a singular importance in agriculture, considering that it ranks second on agricultural products, nationally and worldwide. Fungal diseases are one of the major causes of vegetable loss during storage, reducing their nutritional value, quality and sale price. Vegetables are usually exposed to diverse treatments with chemical products before storage; as a result, fungal populations develop an increased resistance over time becoming more difficult to control. Because of this, research efforts toward finding more suitable chemicals to control fungal diseases are needed. Natural extracts may be an… More >

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Sabatino M^1,2, AE Rovere¹, N Maceira²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 435-443, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.435
Abstract Eryngium regnellii Malme belongs to the largest genera in the Apiaceae family, with 250 species worldwide and 65 represented in South America. It is a herbaceous species typical of hill plant communities, which, along with remnant grassland patches, are the most relevant natural habitats for the maintenance of diversity in the Southern Pampas. Eryngium regnellii is key to the maintenance of pollination mutualisms, being a generalist (displaying a diverse assemblage of pollinators) and ubiquitous species (present in all studied sierras). However, fragmentation of the Pampean landscape due to agricultural intensification has led to the loss of natural… More >

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Yang FW, XQ Feng
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 444-453, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.444
Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a series of significant physiology roles in higher plants including but not limited to promote bud and seed dormancy, accelerate foliage fall, induce stomatal closure, inhibit growth and enhance resistance. Recently, it has been revealed that ABA also has an important regulator role in the growth, development and ripening of fruit. In higher plants ABA is produced from an indirect pathway from the cleavage products of carotenoids. The accumulation of endogenous ABA levels in plants is a dynamic balance controlled by the processes of biosynthesis and catabolism, through the regulation of… More >

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Hernández-Cruz AE¹, E Sánchez^2*, P Preciado-Rangel¹, M L García-Bañuelos², A Palomo-Gil¹, A Espinoza-Banda¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 454-460, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.454
Abstract In the production of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), nitrogen fertilization is one of the most costly crop practices, but important to reach high yields. However, high nitrogen (N) content in plants does not always translate into a high fibre production. One way of assessing the efficiency of the N fertilizer is through the enzymatic activity of the nitrate reductase (NR). This is a key enzyme in N assimilation, whose activity is regulated by a number of endogenous and exogenous factors that determine yield. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of N fertilization… More >

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Müller FL^1,2, LF Cyster¹, LM Raitt¹, J Aalbers¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 461-465, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.461
Abstract An increase in bioavailable tin in the environment could result in bioaccumulation thereof in agricultural crops, and therefore, have adverse health consequences on humans that eat these crops. The aims of the current study were thus to assess the uptake of Sn by spinach plants, and the subsequent effects this will have on the uptake of Na, Zn, K, Ca, and Mg as well as the growth of spinach plants. Spinach plants were grown in sand culture and received tin at concentrations of 0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 mg/L along with a nutrient solution. The More >

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Alomá Moreno O¹ y MJ Freuler²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 466-472, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.466
Abstract The present study of the Orchidaceae family was carried out in Guamuahaya’s mountain range, from 2000 to March 2013. Fifteen districts were explored after 33 expeditions in the Province of Cienfuegos. Ninety two plant species were identified in the studied area, taking into account the ecological parameters of the mountainous areas of Cienfuegos and Cumanayagua municipalities. More >

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Mashile SP^1,2, MP Tshisikhawe¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 473-477, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.473
Abstract This paper looked at the leaf architecture characteristics of Vachellia tortilis to determine if either there is or not an effect of the tropic line on plants. Vachellia tortilis leaves were sampled along a national road (N1) in Limpopo province. Sampling points were set 10 km apart away from the Tropic of Capricon in opposite directions. Leaf morphology revealed that leaves of V. tortilis are bipinnately compound with alternate arrangement. The venation pattern of the pinnules was eucamptodromus and brochidodromous with imperfect reticulation. Areoles were imperfect and pentagonal or irregular in shape. More >

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Bernacki FG¹, PL Albornoz^1,2, M Valoy¹, M Ordano^1,3
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 478-487, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.478
Abstract Solanaceae is a family with nearly 2400 species of cosmopolitan distribution. Vassobia breviflora is the only species of the genus present in Argentina. The goal of this work was to review and characterize the anatomy of the flower and fruit of V. breviflora from samples collected in populations of Yungas in the argentine Northwest. Conventional anatomical techniques were applied. The results showed that most flower, fruit and seed structures did not differ from those previously reported regarding the structural organization described for other species of the Solanaceae family. However, for the first time, we described the androecium, More >

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