Open Access

ARTICLE

High expression of PD-L1 mainly occurs in non-small cell lung cancer patients with squamous cell carcinoma or poor differentiation

LU LIU^1,2, BIN XIE^1,2, WEI ZHU^1,2, QIUYAN HE^1,2, JIANHUA ZHOU^1,2, SHUANG LIU³, YONGGUANG TAO⁴, DESHENG XIAO^1,2,*

1 Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
2 Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
3 Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
4 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China

* Corresponding Author: DESHENG XIAO. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Transcriptome Analysis in Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Heterogeneity)

Oncology Research 2023, 31(3), 275-286. https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2023.028227

Received 06 December 2022; Accepted 10 March 2023; Issue published 22 May 2023

Abstract

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, but studies have shown that the higher the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the more likely it will benefit from anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. The purpose of our study was to collect and analyze abundant clinical samples in order to provide evidence for clinicians and patients who might consider anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy while jointly formulating treatment plans. Methods: On the one hand, we obtained cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, including 498 lung squamous cell cancer (LUSC) patients and 515 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. We studied the lung caner driver gene in LUSC and LUAD. On the other hand, PD-L1 expression was detected in lung cancer tissues of 1,008 NSCLC patients with immunohistochemistry staining (IHC), and we studied the correlation between PD-L1 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics. Results: PD-L1 expression was higher in LUSC than in LUAD at the mRNA level. In univariate analysis, PD-L1 expression at the protein level was higher in patients who were males, were LUSC, were smokers, had a tumor diameter >3 cm, had poor differentiation, or had stages III~IV disease. In multivariate analysis, PD-L1 expression was higher in patients who were LUSC or in poor differentiation. Conclusion: In term of protein level, PD-L1 expression was higher in NSCLC patients who were LUSC or in poor differentiation. We recommend that PD-L1 IHC detection can be routinely performed in such populations that are likely to benefit most from PD-L1 immunotherapy.

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