Open Access

ARTICLE

The Neurosurgical Challenge of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Diagnosis: A Multimodal Intraoperative Imaging Approach to Overcome Frameless Neuronavigated Biopsy Sampling Errors

Roberto Altieri^1,2,*, Francesco Certo¹, Marco Garozzo¹, Giacomo Cammarata¹, Massimiliano Maione¹, Giuseppa Fiumanò³, Giuseppe Broggi⁴, Giada Maria Vecchio⁴, Rosario Caltabiano⁴, Gaetano Magro⁴, Giuseppe Barbagallo¹

1 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, University Hospital, Catania, 95123, Italy
2 PhD Program at Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, 10100, Italy
3 Department of Radiodiagnostic and Oncological Radiotherapy, University Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, 95123, Italy
4 Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy

* Corresponding Author: Roberto Altieri. Email: