Home / Journals / MCB / Vol.2, No.1, 2005
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    ARTICLE

    Shear Force at the Cell-Matrix Interface: Enhanced Analysis for Microfabricated Post Array Detectors

    Christopher A. Lemmon1,2, Nathan J. Sniadecki3, Sami Alom Ruiz1,3, John L. Tan, Lewis H. Romer2,4,5, Christopher S. Chen3,4
    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 1-16, 2005, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2005.002.001
    Abstract The interplay of mechanical forces between the extracellular environment and the cytoskeleton drives development, repair, and senescence in many tissues. Quantitative definition of these forces is a vital step in understanding cellular mechanosensing. Microfabricated post array detectors (mPADs) provide direct measurements of cell-generated forces during cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. A new approach to mPAD post labeling, volumetric imaging, and an analysis of post bending mechanics determined that cells apply shear forces and not point moments at the matrix interface. In addition, these forces could be accurately resolved from post deflections by using images of More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Ablation of cytoskeletal filaments and mitochondria in live cells using a femtosecond laser nanoscissor

    Nan Shen1,2, Dabajyoti Datta1, Chris B. Schaffer1,3,4,5, Eric Mazur1,6
    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 17-26, 2005, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2005.002.017
    Abstract Analysis of cell regulation requires methods for perturbing molecular processes within living cells with spatial discrimination on the nanometer-scale. We present a technique for ablating molecular structures in living cells using low-repetition rate, low-energy femtosecond laser pulses. By tightly focusing these pulses beneath the cell membrane, we ablate cellular material inside the cell through nonlinear processes. We selectively removed sub-micrometer regions of the cytoskeleton and individual mitochondria without altering neighboring structures or compromising cell viability. This nanoscissor technique enables non-invasive manipulation of the structural machinery of living cells with several-hundred-nanometer resolution. Using this approach, we More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    Growth, Anisotropy, and Residual Stresses in Arteries

    K. Y. Volokh 1, 2 , Y. Lev3
    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 27-40, 2005, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2005.002.027
    Abstract A simple phenomenological theory of tissue growth is used in order to demonstrate that volumetric growth combined with material anisotropy can lead to accumulation of residual stresses in arteries. The theory is applied to growth of a cylindrical blood vessel with the anisotropy moduli derived from experiments. It is shown that bending resultants are developed in the ring cross-section of the artery. These resultants may cause the ring opening or closing after cutting the artery \textit {in vitro} as it is observed in experiments. It is emphasized that the mode of the arterial ring opening More >

  • Open AccessOpen Access

    ARTICLE

    The Effect of Longitudinal Pre-Stretch and Radial Constraint on the Stress Distribution in the Vessel Wall: A New Hypothesis

    Wei Zhang1,2, Carly Herrera1, Satya N. Atluri1, Ghassan S. Kassab2,3
    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 41-52, 2005, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2005.002.041
    Abstract It is well known that blood vessels shorten axially when excised. This is due to the perivascular tethering constraint by side branches and the existence of pre-stretch of blood vessels at the \textit {in situ} state. Furthermore, vessels are radially constrained to various extents by the surrounding tissues at physiological loading. Our hypothesis is that the axial pre-stretch and radial constraint by the surrounding tissue homogenizes the stress and strain distributions in the vessel wall. A finite element analysis of porcine coronary artery and rabbit thoracic aorta based on measured material properties, geometry, residual strain More >

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