Open Access

ARTICLE

Fixed Electrical Charges and Mobile Ions Affect the Measurable Mechano-Electrochemical Properties of Charged-Hydrated Biological Tissues: The Articular Cartilage Paradigm

Leo Q. Wan^1,1, Chester Miller^1,1, X. Edward Guo^2,2, Van C. Mow^1,1,3,3

1 The Liu Ping Laboratory for Functional Tissue Engineering Re-search
2 Bone Bioengineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
3 Stanley Dicker Professor and Chair Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace 500 West
4 20 th Street New York, NY 10027 Telephone: (212) 854-8462 Fax:(212) 854-8725 Email: vcm1@columbia.edu