Open Access

ARTICLE

Comparing the Effect of Uniaxial Cyclic Mechanical Stimulation and Chemical Factors on Myogenin and Myh2 Expression in Mouse Embryonic and Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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* National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
† Molecular Cell Biology, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran.
‡ Corresponding author. National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Tel. & Fax: +9821-66492595; Email: mashokrgozar@pasteur.ac.ir
§ Corresponding author. National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Tel. & Fax: +9821-66492595; Email: haghighipour@pasteur.ac.ir
¶ Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
II Transplantation LAB. , Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran.

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics 2014, 11(1), 19-37. https://doi.org/10.3970/mcb.2014.011.019

Abstract

Background: Environmental factors affect stem cell differentiation. In addition to chemical factors, mechanical signals have been suggested to enhance myogenic differentiation of stem cells. Therefore, this study was undertaken to illustrate and compare the effect of chemical and mechanical stimuli on Myogenin (MyoG) and Myosin heavy chani 2 (Myh2) expression of mouse bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Methods: After isolation and expansion of BMSCs and generation of embryoid bodies and spontaneous differentiation of ESCs, cells were examined in 4 groups: (1) control group: untreated cells; (2) chemical group: cells incubated in myogenic medium (5-azacythidine and horse serum for BMSCs, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and horse serum for ESCs) for 5 days; (3) mechanical group: cells exposed to uniaxial cyclic strain (8%, 1 Hz, 24 h) and (4) chemical + mechanical group: cells incubated in myogenic medium for 4 days and then exposed to uniaxial cyclic strain. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of MyoG and Myh2 as specific myogenic markers. Results: suggested that mechanical loading, as a single factor, could elevate MyoG and Myh2 expression. Combining chemical with mechanical factor increases expression and there was no significant difference in MyoG expression of ESCs- and MSCs-chemical + mechanical groups; however, Myh2 expression was significantly higher in ESCs-mechanical group than that in the same group of MSCs.

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