Open Access
ARTICLE
Synthetic Process of Bio-Based Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive Derived from Demethylated Wheat Straw Alkali Lignin and Its Curing Behavior
Yan Song1,2, Zhixin Wang3, Xin Zhang4, Rong Zhang1, Jinchun Li1,2,*
1 Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
3 Organization Department of the Party Committee, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
4 School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
* Corresponding Author: Jinchun Li. Email:
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable and Biosourced Adhesives)
Journal of Renewable Materials 2021, 9(5), 943-957. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2021.014131
Received 03 September 2020; Accepted 06 October 2020; Issue published 20 February 2021
Abstract
Lignin is a natural biopolymer with a complex three-dimensional network, commercially obtained from waste
liquid of paper pulp and bioethanol production, and could be a candidate for preparation of environment-friendly
bio-based polyphenol material. In the present work, the demethylated wheat straw alkali lignin (D-Lig), prepared
by demethylation of wheat straw alkali lignin (Lig) using an
in-situ generated Lewis acid, was used to synthesize
bio-based phenol formaldehyde resin adhesive (D-LPF) applied in plywood. Effects of synthetic process’s factors,
including lignin substitution for phenol, NaOH concentration and molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol, on the
bonding strength and free formaldehyde content of D-LPF were investigated in detail, and the optimum synthetic
process of D-LPF was obtained as following: Lignin substitution for phenol 60%, NaOH concentration 5.0% and
molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol 2.0, and under the optimum reaction condition, the D-LPF presented lower free formaldehyde content (0.18%) and higher bonding strength (2.19 MPa), which was better than those of
containing-lignin phenol formaldehyde resin adhesive(LPF). Additionally, the curing behavior of the adhesive
was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) combined with gel time. It can be obtained that D-LPF
resin adhesive had the shortest gel time, and fastest curing rate, compared with those of PF and L-PF resin adhesives. The curing kinetics data was fitted well by Kissinger model using non-isothermal DSC method, and the
average activation energy value was 85.3 kJ/mol, slightly higher than that of commercial PF resin, while lower
than that of LPF (90.2 kJ/mol). Finally, based on the analytical results of high temperature fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a possible curing mechanism of D-LPF was proposed.
Keywords
Cite This Article
Song, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, R., Li, J. (2021). Synthetic Process of Bio-Based Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive Derived from Demethylated Wheat Straw Alkali Lignin and Its Curing Behavior.
Journal of Renewable Materials, 9(5), 943–957. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2021.014131