Open Access

REVIEW

Advances in the Structural Composition of Biomass: Fundamental and Bioenergy Applications

Neha Srivastava^1,*, Akshay Shrivastav², Rajeev Singh³, Mohammed Abohashrh⁴, K. R. Srivastava¹, Safia Irfan⁵, Manish Srivastava¹, P. K. Mishra¹, Vijai Kumar Gupta⁶, Vijay Kumar Thakur^6,*

1 Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, India
3 Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India
4 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
5 Departentof Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
6 Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK

* Corresponding Authors: Neha Srivastava. Email: ; Vijay Kumar Thakur. Email:

Journal of Renewable Materials 2021, 9(4), 615-636. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2021.014374

Received 22 September 2020; Accepted 09 November 2020; Issue published 01 February 2021

Abstract

Increased environmental pollution due to the organic wastes over the world is one of the most burning issues. These organic wastes lie under the category of biodegradable waste and can be effectively degraded from their complex compound into simple one by the action of microbes or other living organisms. Moreover, lignocellulosic biomass is a major part of the biodegradable waste and belongs to the group of renewable energy source, which can be very effective for bioenergy production. Biomasses are made up of different compounds such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and protein. Apart from these components, based on the structural analysis biomass also consist of bioactive substances such as carotenoids, flavonoids, lignin and antioxidants. This review explores a complete overview of the classification, component and the structure of the biomass. Moreover, it discusses how biomasses can play the key role of substrate in many sectors such as industrial bioenergy production including gaseous and liquid biofuels.

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