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Qionglin Luo¹, Mingliang Wang², Hui Zhang¹, Yuejun Ouyang¹, Hongwei Lin¹, You Shu^1,*, Shengpei Su^1,2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2067-2076, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.016255 - 22 June 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Bio-based Halogen-free Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials)
Abstract Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is a thermoplastic material with complete degradability, high biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties. It can replace petroleum-based polymers are currently being used in the fields of packaging, agriculture, textiles, medical and so on. However, PLLA’s extremely flammability greatly limits its wider application. An bio-based flame retardant L-APP/PLLA composites was prepared by melt blending of the L-APP and PLLA. The morphology, impact properties, thermal properties and flame retardant properties of composites were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), impact tester, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), limiting oxygen indexer (LOI)… More >

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Faizah A. AlMalki¹, Aziza M. Hassan^2,*, Zeinab M. Klaab¹, Soliman Abdulla³, Antonio Pizzi⁴
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2077-2092, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.016173 - 22 June 2021
Abstract Recently, natural substances in the form of nanoparticles are increasingly being used in different field, particularly in medicines to enhance their beneficial effects in treatment and prevention. Cancer cells of the breast (MCF-7) have been chosen to be examined and treated in vitro with conventional drug Tamoxifen (Tam) and tannin nanoparticles extract (NP99) individually or in combination. MTT reagent has been applied to assess the cell viability and propagation percentage, DNA fragmentation and mRNA relative expression of apoptotic genes to study the cell death pathway. The results showed that Tam and tannin NP99 triggered cytotoxic activity More >

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Rumeng Li¹, Guozhu Zhan², Qi Ma¹, Yunhe Yang¹, Xiaoyun Liu^1,*, Yitong Zhang¹, Qixin Zhuang¹
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2093-2117, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.015827 - 22 June 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable and Biosourced Adhesives)
Abstract To explore the influence of substituent groups on thermally induced curing, eight new bio-based benzoxazines containing different substituent groups with different electron negativity and volumes were synthesized. The thermal curing of these bio-based benzoxazines was studied in detail. Combined with the curing reaction kinetics, simulation and calculation of Highest Occupied Molecular and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular values, the spatial and electronic effects of different substituent groups on the curing of benzoxazine was explored. It was found that when the substituent was located at the position directly connected to the N atom, the steric hindrance effect of… More >

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Meifeng Wang^1,2, Wubliker Dessie², Hui Li^1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2119-2128, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.016811 - 22 June 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Bio-based/Degradable Materials towards A Sustainable Future)
Abstract Lignin is the most abundant heteropolymer based on aromatic subunits in nature. Large quantities of lignin are annually produced from pulping processes and biorefinery industries. Its unclearly defined structure and difficult biodegradation mainly limit its utilization. This work focused on the effect of hydroxylation of lignin on its microbial degradation. Butyloxy carbonyl-modified lignin, and hydroxylated-lignin were synthesized with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, using lignin as raw material. The degradation of the modifiedlignins both by P. chrysosporium and B. subtilis were analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy. Results revealed that the lignin degradation velocity raises with the increase More >

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Hang Xu, Huiling Du^*, Le Kang, Qiudi Cheng, Danni Feng, Siyu Xia
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2129-2141, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.016090 - 22 June 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: New Trends in Sustainable Materials for Energy Conversion, CO₂ Capture and Pollution Control)
Abstract The large-scale accumulation and pollution of solid mining waste is an urgent issue. Coal gangue is a prominent type of solid waste, and shows promise for use in high value-added products due to its content of many important compounds, including SiO₂ and Al₂O₃. This study proposed the preparation of highly porous ceramics from coal gangue, coal slime, and coconut palm fibers. The ceramics were produced at a sintering temperature of 950°C with a fiber content of 6 wt%, which led to the formation of porous ceramics with a porosity of 66.93%, volume density of 1.0329 g/cm3… More >

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Liping Yu¹, Zhongyou Luo¹, Lifen Li¹, Xuedong Xi^2,3, Zhigang Wu^1,2,*, Bengang Zhang^4,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2143-2157, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.016092 - 22 June 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Bio-based Halogen-free Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials)
Abstract A flame retardant composition was prepared by using phosphoguanidine, guanidine sulfamate, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. Veneers were immersed in such flame retardant mixture to prepare plywood. The combustion characteristics and thermal stability of plywood were assessed using a cone calorimeter and TG. Results showed that: (1) High concentration and loading of flame retardant were beneficial for the fire resistance of the plywood. (2) The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and residual mass of plywood processed using the flame retardant was increased by 87.52% and 58.66% compared to those of the untreated… More >

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Peng Liu, Bin Bai, Cui Wang, Yunan Chen, Zhiwei Ge, Wenwen Wei, Hui Jin^*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2159-2174, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.016166 - 22 June 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plastic waste management towards a sustainable future)
Abstract In this paper, a simple method to plate a hydrophobic coating on the inner surface of a small-scaled tube was proposed, where the coating consisted of carbon microspheres. Three common plastics polystyrene, polycarbonate and polyethylene were used as the feedstocks to be processed in supercritical water in a quartz tubular reactor. After reaction, the contact angle of droplet on the inner surface of the quartz tube was turned out to be over 100°, significantly larger than that of the blank tube 54°. When processing polystyrene in the 750C supercritical water for 10 min, the largest… More >

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Olga Grigoreva^1,*, Elena Runova², Alexei Alyabyev³, Edward Hertz⁴, Anna Voronova⁵, Viktor Ivanov², Svetlana Shadrina⁶, Igor Grigorev⁷
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2175-2188, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.016387 - 22 June 2021
Abstract The issue of accelerated forestry plantation with high-quality wood using the best soils in terms of productivity, fertilizers, and intensive treatment has become quite relevant due to increased demand for forestry products and higher requirements for environmentally friendly use of forest resources. This paper presents the results of a study on the impact of various techniques for treating coniferous plantations, including thinning, fertilization, and herbicide processing, on wood quality key indicators. The paper examined the wood density, correlation of early and late wood zones, and the cell wall thickness for 38-year-old pine trees grown on… More >

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Xi Chen^1,2, Ying Li^1,2,*, Hualei Bai^1,2, Liyuan Ma^1,2
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2189-2208, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.015394 - 22 June 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recycled Concrete Towards a Sustainable Society)
Abstract Recycled concrete powder (RCP) is used more and more in cement-based materials, but its influence on the hydration process is still unclear. Therefore, this paper studied the influence of recycled concrete powder (RCP) on the hydration process of cement and provides a theoretical basis for the hydration mechanism of cement composite materials. The hydration heat method was used to systematically analyze the thermal evolution process of cement paste with or without RCP. Hydration products were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (TG–DSC). The pore structure change of cement pastes was analyzed by mercury… More >

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Shuang Si, Qian Tang, Xingong Li^*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2209-2222, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.015506 - 22 June 2021
Abstract This study investigated the characteristics of wood fiber/polycaprolactone composite after an artificial accelerated thermo-oxidative aging treatment. The effect of time, temperature and humidity during the treatment on their mechanical, chemical and morphology properties were evaluated. The composite was prepared from melted wood fibers and modified polycaprolactone by a molding process. A temperature and humidity controllable test chamber was used for the thermo-oxidative aging of the composite. The thermo-oxidative aging caused surface of the composite to be much more rougher and even a few cracks and holes appeared on it. According to the spectra of Fourier… More >

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Pengcheng Liu, Ping Xiang, Qishi Zhou^*, Hai Zhang, Jiefu Tian, Misganu Demis Argaw
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2223-2239, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.015544 - 22 June 2021
Abstract Bamboo is a renewable natural building material with good mechanical properties. However, due to the heterogeneity and anisotropy of bamboo stalk, a large amount of material performance testing costs are required in engineering applications. In this work, longitudinal compression, bending, longitudinal shear, longitudinal tensile, transverse compression and transverse tensile tests of bamboo materials are conducted, considering the influence of the bamboo nodes. The mechanical properties of the whole bamboo stalk with the wall thickness and outer circumference are explored. Through univariate and multiple regression analysis, the relationship between mechanical properties and wall thickness and perimeter More >

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Jian Yang, Xiaoli Li^*, Hui Wang, Kaiqiang Geng
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2241-2260, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.015565 - 22 June 2021
Abstract In the present study, in order to investigate the effects of fly ash on the structural evolution and strength damage mechanism of Pisha-sandstone cement soil, unconfined compressive strength tests of Pisha-sandstone cement soil with different fly ash content levels and various ages were carried out. The apparent morphology, microstructures, and chemical compositions of the samples were observed and analyzed using ultra-depth three-dimensional microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and XRD methods. The results revealed that the unconfined compressive strength levels of Pisha-sandstone cement soil samples displayed increasing trends with the increases in fly ash content and age.… More >

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Yingchun Yang^1,*, Liqing Chen¹, Yuguang Mao²
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2261-2276, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.015793 - 22 June 2021
Abstract Improving the activity of Iron Ore Tailings (IOTs) to utilize them as a mineral admixture in cement-based minerals is still challenging. In this paper, the wet grinding technology was employed to stimulate the activity of IOTs, and the traditional dry grinding method was used as a reference. The effect of wet grinding on the activation of IOTs was evaluated through ion leaching from an alkaline solution and the reactivity index. Additionally, a detailed comparison between Dry-grinding Iron Ore Tailings (DIOTs) and Wet-grinding Iron Ore Tailings (WIOTs) was made. This comparison was based on particle characteristics, More >

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Jiaqian Lei, Yaojun Zhang^*, Panyang He
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2277-2289, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.015824 - 22 June 2021
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Current Advances in Green Nanomaterials Applications)
Abstract Geopolymers have been developed to various catalysts due to their advantages. However, low conductivity restricts their application in the electrocatalysis field. In this study, an α-Fe₂O₃/circulating fluidized bed fly ash based geopolymer (CFAG) composite anode was fabricated using a facile dip-coating method by loading α-Fe₂O₃ in the matrix of CFAG. The effects of α-Fe₂O₃ content on the composition, surface morphology and electrochemical performance of α-Fe₂O₃/CFAG composite anode were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results demonstrated that α-Fe₂O₃ was successfully inlaid with the surface of amorphous CFAG matrix. The electrochemical measurements indicated that α-Fe₂O₃/CFAG More >

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Wenting Ren^1,3, Fei Guo², Minghui Liu^1,3, Haocheng Xu^1,3, Hankun Wang^1,3, Yan Yu^1,2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2291-2301, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.015973 - 22 June 2021
Abstract Understanding the assembly and spatial arrangement of bamboo cell wall components is crucial for its optimal utilization. Bamboo cell walls consist of aggregates of cellulose microfibrils and matrix. In the present study, the size and arrangement of cellulose microfibril aggregates in the cell walls of sclerenchyma fibers and parenchyma cells in moso bamboo were investigated with NMR and FE-SEM. The NMR measurement showed that the characteristic sizes of the microfibril aggregates of fibers and parenchyma cells were approximately 25.8 nm and 18.8 nm, respectively. Furthermore, high-resolution SEM showed the size of microfibril aggregates varied little More >

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