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ARTICLE
Orientation on the Mechanistics of Electron-Transfer on Oxidation of Chondroitin-4-Sulfate as Sustainable Sulfated Polysaccharide by Permanganate Ion in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions
Refat Hassan1,*, Hideo Takagi2, Samia Ibrahim3
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
2 Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Research Center of Materials Science, Nagoya, 464-01, Japan
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharga, 72511, New Valley, Egypt
* Corresponding Author: Refat Hassan. Email:
(This article belongs to this Special Issue: Polymer and Nanomaterials)
Journal of Renewable Materials 2020, 8(2), 205-218. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2020.08530
Received 03 September 2019; Accepted 18 November 2019; Issue published 01 February 2020
Abstract
A spectrophotometric investigation of oxidation of chondroitin-4-sulfate
(CS) as a sustainable and biodegradable sulfated macromolecule by oxyanion permanganate ion as multi-equivalent oxidant in acid perchlorate solutions at a constant
ionic strength of 2.0 mol dm
-3 has been studied. The experimental results on the
influence of the concentration of the reactants the reaction rates revealed first-order
dependence in MnO
4–
, fractional second-order in [CS] and fractional first-order with
respect to the hydrogen ion concentration. The hydrogen acid concentration dependence of the rate constants indicated that the oxidation rates were increased with
increasing the acid concentration which means that the oxidation reaction is of
acid-catalyzed nature. The oxidation of all other polysaccharides by this oxidant
in acidic solutions indicated that the oxidation processes were proceeding throughout
two distinct stages. The first stage was relatively slow, followed by a more fast reaction in the second stage. The addition of Mn
2+ and F
- ions to the reaction mixtures
indicated that the Mn
3+ and/or Mn
4+ as the reduced forms of permanganate were
the reactive species in the second fast stage. Here, neither formation of Mn
3+ and/
or Mn
4+ transient species nor presence of two stages in the oxidation reaction were
detected in the oxidation process, and this result was found to be on contrary to that
observed for oxidation of all other polysaccharides by this oxidant. Formation of 1:2
coordination biopolymer intermediate complexes prior to the rate-determining step
was revealed, kinetically. Identification of the oxidation product revealed the formation of keto-acid as derivative precursor of CS oxidation. This product was identified
by formation of 2,4-dinitrophenyhydrazone and dioxime as wells as by the bands at
frequencies 3430 (OH of COOH group); 1760-1730 cm
-1 (broad) for C=O of diketone; 1639 cm
-1 of ν
as, OCO; 1418 cm
-1 of ν
s OCO and 1338 cm
-1 of C-O-C,
respectively, in the FTIR spectra. Two-electron transfer process of inner-sphere nature in the slowest step has been suggested. A tentative reaction mechanism in terms
of the kinetic parameters have been suggested and discussed.
Keywords
Cite This Article
Hassan, R., Takagi, H., Ibrahim, S. (2020). Orientation on the Mechanistics of Electron-Transfer on Oxidation of Chondroitin-4-Sulfate as Sustainable Sulfated Polysaccharide by Permanganate Ion in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions.
Journal of Renewable Materials, 8(2), 205–218. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2020.08530
Citations