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REVIEW

Gregory Reimonn¹, Taofeng Lu¹, Neeti Gandhi², Wan-Ting Chen^1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1251-1268, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.08055
Abstract Microplastic pollution represents a side-effect stemming from a global plastic waste mismanagement problem and includes degraded particles or mass produced plastic particles less than 5 mm in largest dimension. The small nature of microplastics gives this area of pollution different environmental concerns than general plastic waste in the environment. The biological toxicity of particles, their internal components, and their surface level changes all present opportunities for these particles to adversely affect the environment around them. Thus, it is necessary to review the current literature surrounding this topic and identify areas where the study of microplastic More >

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ARTICLE

Samsul Rizal¹, Fizree, H. M.², Chaturbhuj K. Saurabh³, Deepu A. Gopakumar², N. A. Sri Aprilia⁴, D. Hermawan⁵, A. Banerjee⁶, Fazita M. R. M², Haafiz M. K. M.², Abdul Khalil H. P. S.^2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1269-1278, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07227
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Developments on Biobased Materials and Composites)
Abstract Oil palm ash (OPA) is an agro-industry waste and it has disposable problems. In the present study, an effort was made for value addition to OPA by incorporating it as a micro-filler in different concentration (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) and sizes (100, 200, and 300 mesh size particles) in the epoxy matrix. Prepared micro OPA was having a crystallinity index of 65.4%, high inorganic elements, and smooth surface morphology. Fabricated composites had higher void content as compared to neat epoxy matrix. Mechanical properties of fabricated composites had a maximum value at 30%… More >

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ARTICLE

Narsimha Pandi¹, Shirish H. Sonawane^1,*, Sarang P. Gumfekar², Anand Kishore Kola¹, Pramod H. Borse³, Swapnil B. Ambade⁴, Sripadh Guptha¹, Muthupandian Ashokkumar⁵
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1279-1293, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07609
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Developments on Biobased Materials and Composites)
Abstract The present study deals with the intensified synthesis of starchpolyaniline (starch-PANI) nanocomposite using an ultrasound-assisted method. Starch is a key component in this nanocomposite, which acts as a backbone of the nucleation of PANI. The Electrochemical property of the nanocomposite arises due to the addition of PANI. This is one of green approach for the synthesis of bio nanocomposite using ultrasound. The crystallinity of the composite is evaluated using the Scherrer Formula. The starch-PANI nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Raman, XPS and TEM. The composite nanoparticles show spherical morphology. The elemental composition of starch-PANI More >

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ARTICLE

Xizhi Wu^1,2, Xueyou Huang³, Xianjun Li^1,*, Yiqiang Wu¹
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1295-1307, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07839
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Bio-composite Materials and Structures)
Abstract This study presents a new structure made up of bamboo scrimber and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) to address the low stiffness and strength of bamboo scrimbers. Three-point bending test and finite element model were conducted to study the failure mode, strain-displacement relationship, load-displacement relationship and relationships between strain distribution, contact pressure and deflection, and adhesive debonding. The results indicated that the flexural modulus and static flexural strength of the composite beams were effectively increased thanks to the CFRP sheets. The flexural modulus of the composite specimens were 2.33-2.94 times that of bamboo scrimber beams, More >

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ARTICLE

Yongfang Zhang^1,2, Wensheng Hou¹, Hong Guo¹, Sheng Shi¹, Jinming Dai^1,2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1309-1319, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07884
Abstract Carbon microspheres were prepared from waste cotton fibers by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) with the addition of copper sulphate in this work. The important influence factors, temperature, concentration of copper sulphate, resident time were explored here. The smooth and regular carbon microspheres could be formed at 330°C with 0.15 wt% copper sulphate after 6 h from waste cotton fibers. The crystal structures of cotton fibers were destructed in a short resident time with 0.15 wt% copper sulphate from SEM images and XRD patterns of solid products. This strategy provides a new, mild and efficient method to… More >

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ARTICLE

Xiaoliang Zhao^1,#, Yuting Wang^1,#, Xiuying Pu¹, Jianzhong Ma¹, Feifan Leng¹, Yonggang Wang¹, Yanling Wang¹, Shuhong Yang¹, Fen Ran², Weijie Zhang^1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1321-1332, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07757
Abstract A series of the Guiqi polysaccharides/chitosan/alginate composite hydrogel microspheres (GPcM) with different particle sizes were prepared with Guiqi polysaccharides (GP), chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (Alg). The optimum preparation process was also determined by single factor and orthogonal experiment analysis. The GPcM were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), drug loading efficiency test (LE), encapsulation efficiency test (EE) and in vitro release study. The results showed that the Guiqi polysaccharides chitosan hydrogel (GPCH) and sodium alginate hydrogel (SAH) formed a crossover system in GPcM. The GPcM have a uniform particle More >

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ARTICLE

Jie Xu^1,3, Jiayao Yang¹, Peng Lin², Xiaohuan Liu^1,*, Jinjie Zhang¹, Shenyuan Fu^1,*, Yuxun Tang^2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1333-1346, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07905
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable Polymer Materials and Their Application)
Abstract It is essential to design economic and efficient tougheners to prepare high-performance epoxy resin; however, this has remained a huge challenge. Herein, an eco-friendly, low-cost, and facile-fabricated bio-based hyperbranched toughener, carboxylic acid-functionalized tannic acid (CATA), was successfully prepared and applicated to the preparation of solvent-free epoxy resins. The mechanical performance, morphology, structural characterization, and thermal characterization of toughened epoxy resin system were studied. The toughened epoxy resin system with only 1.0wt% CATA reached the highest impact strength, 111% higher than the neat epoxy resin system. Notably, the tensile strength and elongation at break of toughened More >

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ARTICLE

Maroua Ben Abdelkader^1,2,*, Nedra Azizi¹, Ayda Baffoun³, Yves Chevalier², Mustapha Majdoub¹
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1347-1362, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07926
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Developments on Biobased Materials and Composites)
Abstract Microencapsulation of neroline inside microcapsules having a polyurethane shell based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and hexane diisocyanate was performed by interfacial polycondensation. The polyol nature of β-CD caused tight crosslinking of microcapsules wall. Microcapsules of neroline were characterized for their chemical composition and structure of the polyurethane shell by FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, optical and electron microscopy, light scattering and electrophoresis measurements. Core content and encapsulation yield were 15% and 60%, respectively. Spherical microcapsules of mean diameter 29 μm were slightly cationic with an isoelectric point of 6.3. Neroline-loaded microcapsules were fixed on cotton fabric using More >

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ARTICLE

Xu Wang^1,3, Jianhong Zhou^1,2, Bo Pang^1,2, Dawei Zhao^1,2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1363-1380, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.08218
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Nanocellulose and Nanocellulose-Derived Functional Materials)
Abstract Introduction of the strategy of anhydrous calcium carbonate protection incorporated with the drop by drop reaction, high-purity 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim] Cl) was prepared at reaction temperature of 80°C for only 10 h. Cellulose samples from different biomass sources (with different degree of polymerization characteristic) could be rapidly (no more than 10 minutes) and completely dissolved in the [Bmim] Cl using a microwave-assisted ionothermal route. Homogeneous cellulosic regenerates with high degree of polymerization and thermal stability characteristics were obtained through a coagulation process in water. Furthermore, the dissolved celluloses were readily regenerated into solid products such More >

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ARTICLE

Malika Talantikite^1,*, Antoine Gourlay¹, Sophie Le Gall¹, Bernard Cathala¹
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1381-1390, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07838
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Developments on Biobased Materials and Composites)
Abstract Plant components are an inexhaustible source for the construction of bio-based materials. Here we report, for the first time, the elaboration of biobased cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)/xyloglucan (XG) hydrogels. XG is a hemicellulose displaying a great affinity for cellulose surface and can be thus irreversibly adsorbed on CNC. Properties of the hydrogels were investigated by varying the molar mass of XG either by enzymatic treatment with Endoglucanase (EG2) or physical fractionation by ultrasound (US). Fractions were characterised by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and their monosacchari decompositions were determined. Three fractions with high, average and small… More >

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ARTICLE

Haiyang Ding¹, Xiaohua Yang¹, Lina Xu¹, Mei Li¹, Shouhai Li¹, Jianling Xia^1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1391-1401, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07207
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable Polymer Materials and Their Application)
Abstract A water-soluble lubricant additive (RSOPE) was prepared by esterification reaction using fatty acid from rubber seed oil. The RSOPE was added into water-ethylene glycol (W-EG) solution as lubricant additive. Dispersion stability and rheological properties were investigated. We used a four-ball tribotester to assess the lubrication performance of W-EG based fluid with the RSOPE additive. The stainless-steel surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Good dispersion stability was observed in the RSOPE/W-EG solutions. Furthermore, nonNewtonian fluid behavior at low shear rates and Newtonian fluid behavior at high shear rates was More >

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ARTICLE

Ying Lin¹, Yihua Cao¹, Qingping Song¹, Jiangang Gao¹, Puyou Jia^2，*, Hamed Alsulami³, Marwan Amin Kutbi³
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.12, pp. 1403-1414, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.08380
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Renewable Polymer Materials and Their Application)
Abstract Biocompatible and high content grafted carboxymethyl cellulose-gpoly(acrylic acid) powder was successfully synthesized in an aqueous system, and used as adsorbents for the removal of Cu(II) in aqueous solution. The copolymer was characterized by FT-IR and SEM techniques. Graft copolymerization introduced a large number of carboxyl groups in the polymer and caused the micro-surface of the material to be porous. The fundamental adsorption behaviors of the material were studied. The adsorption kinetics was well fitted with pseudo-second order equation, while the adsorption isotherm preferred to be described the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from More >

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