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Haiyang Zhang^1,*, Qian He¹, Xiaoning Lu¹, A. Pizzi^2,3, Changtong Mei¹, Xianxu Zhan⁴
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 450-456, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634180
Abstract Double cantilever beam tests were used to measure the energy release rates of linear vibrational welded moso bamboo joints. The influence of the length of the preserved cracks, the different combinations of the inner and outer bamboo surfaces and the moisture content is studied herein. The experimental compliance method, which is based on linear elastic fracture mechanics and has been shown to be an ideal method, was used to analyze data with the power equation. The results show that the preserved initial crack length does not have a significant effect on the final measured energy More >

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ARTICLE

Min Fan^1,2,3*, Qiaoling Hu⁴
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 457-463, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634178
Abstract The absorption behavior of chitosan in alkaline solution by freeze-blasting was studied. The influence of alkaline type, concentration, and small molecules was investigated, as well as the different roles of LiOH and NaOH in the absorption. Chitosan reached its maximum absorption rate when LiOH concentration was 4.8 wt% and NaOH 4.0 wt%, respectively. Chitosan showed better absorption capacity in LiOH solution. Urea could improve the absorption when its concentration was more than or equal to 4.0 wt%, and the improvement was greater in NaOH solution. Thiourea showed no obvious effect in LiOH solution, but showed More >

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Marwa Abida^1,2, Jamel Mars^3,*, Florian Gehring¹, Alexandre Vivet¹, Fakhreddine Dammak³
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 464-476, 2018, DOI:10.32604/JRM.2018.01897
Abstract Based on experimental test results, flax fiber reinforced polymer composites are characterized by nonlinear visco-elastoplastic behavior. The aim of this work is to model the quasi-unidirectional flax fiber reinforced composite behavior through a three dimensional formulation with orthotropic elasticity and orthotropic plasticity using Hill criterion. The isotropic hardening and Johnson Cook parameters are identified from unidirectional tensile tests at different strain rates. The adjustment of Hill’s yield criterion is developed based on yield stresses obtained in tensile tests at different directions. The numerical integration of the constitutive equations is implemented in a user-defined material, UMAT More >

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Open Access

ARTICLE

A. Atiqah¹, M. Jawaid^1,*, S. M. Sapuan^1,2, M. R. Ishak³
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 477-492, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634188
Abstract The aim of the present study was to develop sugar palm fiber (SPF) reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites and to investigate the effects of fiber surface modification by 2% silane treatment and fiber loading (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%) on the mechanical and thermal properties of the obtained composites. Surface treatment was employed to improve the fiber-matrix interface, which was expected to boost the mechanical strength of the composites, in terms of tensile, flexural and impact properties. Thermal properties were also investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)… More >

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Andrea Dorigato^1,*, Martino Negri², Alessandro Pegoretti^1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 493-503, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634177
Abstract Novel fully biodegradable thermoplastic composite laminates reinforced with ultrathin wood laminae were prepared through a hot-pressing process by using two different thermoplastic starch (TPS) matrices. The microstructure and physical properties of the resulting unidirectional and bidirectional laminates were studied. The investigated materials presented a complex microstructure, in which the porosity of the wood laminae was almost entirely occluded by the polymer matrix. The mechanical behavior of the laminates was strongly affected by the obtained microstructure, and matrix penetration in wood pores led to biodegradable composites with elastic modulus and tensile strength higher than those of More >

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1343

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Maha L. Shrestha^{1, 2,*}, Mihail Ionescu¹, Xianmei Wan¹, Zoran S. Petrović¹
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 504-516, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634187
Abstract Biobased aromatic-aliphatic polyols were previously synthesized from a thermal thiol-ene reaction of propoxylated cardanol with 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a radical initiator. Cardanol used for this purpose was obtained as a dark-brown liquid (Gardner Color Reference ∼18). The photochemical thiol-ene reaction can also be used to prepare aromatic-aliphatic polyols by employing cardanol. Via the photochemical thiol-ene reaction, 2-mercaptoethanol was added successfully to C=C double bond of cardanol, suggesting that phenolic group may not play an inhibitory role in the radical thiol-ene reaction. However, we preferred to alkoxylate the phenolic hydroxyl More >

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1518

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Kunal Wazarkar, Anagha Sabnis*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 517-528, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634181
Abstract This research work discloses the preparation of polyurethane coatings from cardanol modified using thiolene chemistry, wherein unsaturated long alkyl chain of cardanol was successfully utilized via thiol-ene click reaction to synthesize polyol. For this purpose, cardanol and thioglycerol was reacted in the presence of Irgacure 184 (photoinitiator) and 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (catalyst) and exposed to UV light for 12 h at 80 °C. One mole of thioglycerol was successfully added across the double bond of fatty chain of cardanol and confirmed by chemical and spectroscopic analysis. Further, the polyol thus prepared was cured with various polyisocyanates, viz., More >

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1727

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Ahmad Safwan¹, Mohammad Jawaid^1*, Mohamed T. H. Sultan^1,2, Azman Hassan³
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 529-535, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2018.634103
Abstract The application of natural fibers as reinforcement in composite material has increased due to environmental concerns, low cost, degradability and health concerns. The purpose of this study is to identify the best type of bamboo fibers to be used as reinforcement for kenaf (K)/bamboo hybrid composite. There were three types of bamboo fibers evaluated in this study which include bamboo mat (B), bamboo fabric (BF) and bamboo powder (BP). Chemical composition of B, BF, BP and K fibers were analyzed in this study. The effect of different types of bamboo fibers on tensile, impact, and More >

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1573

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Sawsan Dacrory^1*, Hussein Abou-Yousef¹, Ragab E. Abou-Zeid¹, Samir Kamel¹, Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz², Mohamed Elbadry³
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 536-547, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634190
Abstract Carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels were developed through crosslinking process using eco-friendly crosslinkers such as maleic, succinic, and citric acids. Carboxymethyl cellulose was prepared from the cellulosic fraction of olive industry residues. A series of hydrogels with varying crosslinker acid concentrations, reaction times, and reaction temperatures was produced to study the swelling capacities and gel fraction of the obtained hydrogels. Additional study pertains to the preparation of antimicrobial nanocomposite hydrogels through in-situ incorporation of the silver nanoparticles during the crosslinking reaction. Silver nanoparticles were prepared by reduction of AgNO3with leaves of Ricinus communis. The particle size of More >

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2030

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ARTICLE

Victor Gomes Lauriano Souza¹, Patrícia Freitas Rodrigues², Maria Paula Duarte¹, Ana Luísa Fernando^1*
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 548-558, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2018.634104
Abstract The aim of this work was to develop an active biopolymer based on chitosan by incorporating natural antioxidants. Five essential oils (ginger, rosemary, sage, tea tree and thyme) and six hydro-alcoholic extracts (from ginger, green and black tea, kenaf leaves, rosemary and sage plants) were tested. Migration assays were carried out to evaluate the films' activity, and total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were monitored in the simulant during storage. Interaction between natural compounds and polymeric matrix was evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy. The diffusion of the phenolic compounds was not detected in the films incorporated More >

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