Open Access

ARTICLE

Enhanced Dye Adsorption and Bacterial Removal of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose Acetate Membranes

Heru Suryanto^1,2,*, Daimon Syukri³, Fredy Kurniawan⁴, Uun Yanuhar⁵, Joseph Selvi Binoj⁶, Sahrul Efendi², Fajar Nusantara², Jibril Maulana⁷, Nico Rahman Caesar⁵, Komarudin Komarudin²

1 Centre of Advanced Material for Renewable Energy (CAMRY), Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
2 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
3 Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
4 Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
5 Study Program of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
6 Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, India
7 Faculty of Vocational, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia

* Corresponding Author: Heru Suryanto. Email:

Journal of Renewable Materials 2024, 12(9), 1605-1624. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2024.054047

Received 17 May 2024; Accepted 02 August 2024; Issue published 25 September 2024

Abstract

Utilizing biomass waste as a potential resource for cellulose production holds promise in mitigating environmental consequences. The current study aims to utilize pineapple biowaste extract in producing bacterial cellulose acetate-based membranes with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles) through the fermentation and esterification process and explore its characteristics. The bacterial cellulose fibrillation used a high-pressure homogenization procedure, and membranes were developed incorporating 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 wt.% of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as magnetic nanoparticle for functionalization. The membrane characteristics were measured in terms of Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer, antibacterial activity, bacterial adhesion and dye adsorption studies. The results indicated that the surface morphology of membrane changes where the bacterial cellulose acetate surface looks rougher. The crystallinity index of membrane increased from 54.34% to 68.33%, and the functional groups analysis revealed that multiple peak shifts indicated alterations in membrane functional groups. Moreover, adding Fe₃O₄-NPs into membrane exhibits paramagnetic behavior, increases tensile strength to 73%, enhances activity against E. coli and S. aureus, and is successful in removing bacteria from wastewater of the river to 67.4% and increases adsorption for anionic dyes like Congo Red and Acid Orange.

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