Open Access

ARTICLE

Effect of Adhesive Type on the Quality of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes Prepared by the Screw Extruder Machine

Samsudin Anis^1,*, Deni Fajar Fitriyana¹, Aldias Bahatmaka¹, Muhammad Choirul Anwar¹, Arsyad Zanadin Ramadhan¹, Fajar Chairul Anam¹, Raffanel Adi Permana¹, Ahmad Jazilussurur Hakim², Natalino Fonseca Da Silva Guterres³, Mateus De Sousa Da Silva³

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Gunung pati, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia
2 Arka Tama Indonesia, Co., Ltd., Karawang, West Java, 41382, Indonesia
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dili Institute of Technology, Ai-meti Laran Street, Dili, Timor Leste

* Corresponding Author: Samsudin Anis. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Renewable Mineral and Energy Materials)

Journal of Renewable Materials 2024, 12(2), 381-396. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2023.047128

Received 26 October 2023; Accepted 27 November 2023; Issue published 11 March 2024

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest coconut-producing countries in the world. The utilization of coconut shell waste into briquettes will increase the selling value and become a great export opportunity. However, the effect of adhesives on the quality of coconut shell charcoal briquettes made using screw extruder machine has not been widely studied. This study aims to determine the effect of adhesive type on the quality of coconut shell charcoal briquettes. The process of fabricating briquettes in this study included crushing, mixing, blending, pressing, and drying. In the mixing process, 3 types of adhesives were used, namely tapioca flour (Briquette_1), cassava flour (Briquette_2), and modified cassava flour (Briquette_3) with a concentration of 5% of the weight of coconut shell charcoal powders. The quality of the resulting briquettes and commercial briquettes will be evaluated by moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, density, compressive, and drop test testing. The results of this research showed that the type of adhesive had a significant effect on the quality of the briquettes produced. Specimen Briquette_1 had better quality than commercial briquettes (Briquette_4) and other briquette specimens. The test results showed that Briquette_1 produced briquettes with better compressive strength and friability than the other specimens, at 6.95 N/mm² and 4.44%, respectively. The moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon, and calorific value of Briquette_1 have met the requirements set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) number 01-6235-2000. Meanwhile, the volatile matter content and density of Briquette_1 are by the standards of Japan and the United States America (USA).

---

Graphic Abstract

---

Keywords

---