Open Access

ARTICLE

Bending, Compression and Bonding Performance of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Made from Malaysian Fast-Growing Timbers

Norshariza Mohamad Bhkari^1,2,*, Lum Wei Chen¹, Anis Azmi², Muhammad Shaiful Nordin², Norman Wong Shew Yam³, Zakiah Ahmad², Lee Seng Hua⁴

1 Institute for Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainable Management (IIESM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia
2 School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia
3 Sapulut Forest Development Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Malaysia
4 Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia

* Corresponding Author: Norshariza Mohamad Bhkari. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Eco-friendly Wood-Based Composites: Design, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications)

Journal of Renewable Materials 2022, 10(11), 2851-2869. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2022.022326

Received 04 March 2022; Accepted 04 May 2022; Issue published 29 June 2022

Abstract

This study investigated the bending, compression as well as the bonding performance of CLT panels made from fast-growing timber species, i.e., Laran (Neolamarckia cadamba) and Batai (Paraserianthes falcataria). The variables studied were timber species (Laran and Batai), layers of lamination (3-layer and 5-layer), loading direction in bending (in-plane and out-of-plane), loading direction in compression (x-, y-, and z-axis) and different treatment conditions for bonding performance test. The desired outputs of this study were bending and compression properties (strength and stiffness) as well as bonding performance (block shear strength, wood failure percentage and delamination value). The bending and compression test were conducted according to EN16351:2015 and EN408:2012, respectively. On the other hand, the bonding performance test was determined by block shear and delamination test based on EN16351:2015 and EN14374:2004, respectively. Prior to block shear test, the samples were subjected to three different treatment conditions. The results showed that CLT made from 3-layer Laran timber, loaded at out-of-plane direction exhibited the highest bending properties. Contrarily, CLT made from 5- layered Batai timber, loaded at in-plane direction showed the lowest bending properties. Laran samples for compression loaded at x-axis exhibited the best compressive properties. Generally, Laran CLT showed greater bonding performance determined by shear test compared to Batai CLT for both 3- and 5-layer panels. On the contrary, delamination results showed that Batai CLT demonstrated better bonding performance compared to Laran CLT. In terms of bonding performance measured by wood failure percentage (WFP), most samples under various treatment conditions showed WFP ≥ 80% except for samples under wet condition with WFP ≤ 60%.

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Keywords

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