Open Access
ARTICLE
Bending, Compression and Bonding Performance of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Made from Malaysian Fast-Growing Timbers
Norshariza Mohamad Bhkari1,2,*, Lum Wei Chen1, Anis Azmi2, Muhammad Shaiful Nordin2, Norman Wong Shew Yam3, Zakiah Ahmad2, Lee Seng Hua4
1
Institute for Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainable Management (IIESM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia
2
School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia
3
Sapulut Forest Development Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Malaysia
4
Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
* Corresponding Author: Norshariza Mohamad Bhkari. Email:
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Eco-friendly Wood-Based Composites: Design, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications)
Journal of Renewable Materials 2022, 10(11), 2851-2869. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2022.022326
Received 04 March 2022; Accepted 04 May 2022; Issue published 29 June 2022
Abstract
This study investigated the bending, compression as well as the bonding performance of CLT panels made from
fast-growing timber species, i.e., Laran (
Neolamarckia cadamba) and Batai (
Paraserianthes falcataria). The variables studied were timber species (Laran and Batai), layers of lamination (3-layer and 5-layer), loading direction
in bending (in-plane and out-of-plane), loading direction in compression (x-, y-, and z-axis) and different treatment conditions for bonding performance test. The desired outputs of this study were bending and compression
properties (strength and stiffness) as well as bonding performance (block shear strength, wood failure percentage
and delamination value). The bending and compression test were conducted according to EN16351:2015 and
EN408:2012, respectively. On the other hand, the bonding performance test was determined by block shear
and delamination test based on EN16351:2015 and EN14374:2004, respectively. Prior to block shear test, the samples were subjected to three different treatment conditions. The results showed that CLT made from 3-layer Laran
timber, loaded at out-of-plane direction exhibited the highest bending properties. Contrarily, CLT made from 5-
layered Batai timber, loaded at in-plane direction showed the lowest bending properties. Laran samples for compression loaded at x-axis exhibited the best compressive properties. Generally, Laran CLT showed greater bonding
performance determined by shear test compared to Batai CLT for both 3- and 5-layer panels. On the contrary,
delamination results showed that Batai CLT demonstrated better bonding performance compared to Laran
CLT. In terms of bonding performance measured by wood failure percentage (WFP), most samples under various
treatment conditions showed WFP ≥ 80% except for samples under wet condition with WFP ≤ 60%.
Keywords
Cite This Article
Bhkari, N. M., Chen, L. W., Azmi, A., Nordin, M. S., Wong, N. et al. (2022). Bending, Compression and Bonding Performance of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Made from Malaysian Fast-Growing Timbers.
Journal of Renewable Materials, 10(11), 2851–2869. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2022.022326