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REVIEW

A Greener Future: Carbon Nanomaterials from Lignocellulose

Hebat-Allah S. Tohamy*, Mohamed El-Sakhawy, Samir Kamel
Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
* Corresponding Author: Hebat-Allah S. Tohamy. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Biochar and Carbon-Based Materials Characteristics and Environment Applications)

Journal of Renewable Materials https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2024.058603

Received 16 September 2024; Accepted 18 November 2024; Published online 11 December 2024

Abstract

Lignocellulosic materials (LCMs), abundant biomass residues, pose significant environmental challenges when improperly disposed of. LCMs, such as sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, saw dust and agricultural residues, are abundant but often burned, contributing to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. This review explores the potential of transforming these materials into high-value carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). We explore the potential of transforming these materials into high-value CNMs. By employing techniques like carbonization and activation, LCMs can be converted into various CNMs, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), nanodiamonds (NDs), fullerenes (F), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and others. Hybridizing different carbon allotropes further enhances their properties. CNMs derived from cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose exhibit promising applications in diverse fields. For instance, CNTs can be used in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors due to their exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. Additionally, CNTs can be incorporated into recycled paper as a fire retardant additive, enhancing its flame resistance. G, renowned for its high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity, finds applications in electronics, sensors, catalysis, and water treatment, where it can be used to adsorb heavy metal ions. CQDs, owing to their unique optical properties, are used in bioimaging, drug delivery, and optoelectronic devices. By harnessing the potential of LCMs, we can not only mitigate environmental concerns but also contribute to a sustainable future. Continued research is essential to optimize synthesis methods, explore novel applications, and unlock the full potential of these versatile materials.

Graphical Abstract

A Greener Future: Carbon Nanomaterials from Lignocellulose

Keywords

Lignocellulosic materials; carbon-based nanomaterials; carbon allotropes

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