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Mohammed Mohammed^1,2,*, Jawad K. Oleiwi³, Aeshah M. Mohammed⁴, Anwar Ja’afar Mohamad Jawad⁵, Azlin F. Osman^1,2, Tijjani Adam⁶, Bashir O. Betar⁷, Subash C. B. Gopinath^2,8,9
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.051201
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: Processing, Manufacturing, Characterizations and Environmentally Friendly Applications)
Abstract Natural fibre (NFR) reinforced functional polymer composites are quickly becoming an indispensable sustainable material in the transportation industry because of their lightweight, lower cost in manufacture, and adaptability to a wide variety of goods. However, the major difficulties of using these fibres are their existing poor dimensional stability and the extreme hydrophilicity. In assessing the mechanical properties (MP) of composites, the interfacial bonding (IB) happening between the NFR and the polymer matrix (PM) plays an incredibly significant role. When compared to NFR/synthetic fibre hybrid composites, hybrid composites (HC) made up of two separate NFR are… More >
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Johannes Fehrmann^1,*, Benoit Belleville¹, Barbara Ozarska¹, Maya Ismayati², Wahyu Dwianto²
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.053741
Abstract This study explored the thermo-chemical properties of industrial hemp hurd with different provenances, maturity stages, and retting protocols. The findings were then compared to hemp hurd used in the fabrication of citric acid-bonded ultra-low-density hemp hurd particleboard. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to document the variability of the hurd and comprehend the potential impact on biobased composite applications. The choice of cultivar, maturity stage, and processing modality significantly influenced the chemical composition, presence of functional groups, and thermal stability of the hurd. Py-GC/MS revealed substantial variations… More >
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Redžo Hasanagić^1,*, Umejr Šljivo¹, Leila Fathi², Pallavi Gautam³, Mohsen Bahmani^2,*, Miha Humar⁴
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052826
Abstract This study investigated the mechanical properties of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and fir (Abies alba) wood from Bosnia and Herzegovina under outdoor exposure. Samples were exposed for 3-month exposure to assess bending strength, color changes, and surface quality. Results showed outdoor exposure negatively affected mechanical properties, particularly in samples with extended finger joints, causing significant surface cracks in uncoated samples. Beech wood exhibited notable color changes under exposure, with approximately 50% darkening without coating compared to 25% under covered conditions. Coated samples displayed minimal color changes, affirming the efficacy of surface treatment. Fir wood exhibited a roughness More >
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Shihao Feng^1,2,3, Qin Ouyang^1,2,*, Jing Huang^1,2, Xilin Zhang³, Zhongjun Ma⁴, Kun Liang^1,2, Qing Huang^1,2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052579
Abstract Lignin-derived porous carbons have emerged as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. However, the challenge remains in designing and controlling their structure to achieve ideal electrochemical performance due to the complex molecular structure of lignin and its intricate chemical reactions during the activation process. In this study, three porous carbons were synthesized from lignin by spray drying and chemical activation with varying KOH ratios. The specific surface area and structural order of the prepared porous carbon continued to increase with the increase of the KOH ratio. Thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) was employed to track the molecular fragments More >
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I. Putu Mahendra^*, Kartika Dinita
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.053001
Abstract TEMPO/NaOCl/NaBr treatment significantly increased the number of negative charges on the cellulose surface. Two concentrations of NaOCl, 5 and 30 mmol/g of cellulose, were used in this study. The number of carboxyl groups in the two cellulosic samples oxidized using TEMPO/NaOCl/NaBr was 0.5160 and 1.8461 mmol/g of cellulose, respectively. The oxidized cellulose samples treated with 5 and 30 mmol/g NaOCl exhibited higher crystallinity, at 81.15% and 80.14%, respectively, compared to untreated cellulose, which had a crystallinity of 75.95%. The pH effect indicated that the highest adsorption capacity for methylene blue was achieved under alkaline conditions… More >
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Jajang Sutiawan¹, Alifah Syahfitri², Sukma Surya Kusumah¹, Dede Hermawan^2,*, Rita Kartika Sari², Luthfi Hakim³, Efri Mardawati^4,5, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis^1,4,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052052
Abstract Molasses can serve as a natural adhesive for plywood and particleboard. However, several disadvantages remain, including lower dimensional stability and low bonding strength compared to other adhesives. Therefore, modifications are needed to use molasses as an adhesive for plywood. This research aims to improve bio-based molasses (MO) adhesive for plywood using citric acid (CA) adhesive. In addition, this research aims to analyze the effect of adding citric acid and to investigate the optimum hot-pressing temperature to produce the best quality plywood. In the first stage, the molasses and citric acid were combined in a ratio… More >
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Sumrit Mopoung^*, Narissara Namkaew, Sasiwan Srikasaem
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052925
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Biochar and Carbon-Based Materials Characteristics and Environment Applications)
Abstract Activated carbon preparation from sugarcane leaves and rice straw by carbonization (250°C–400°C) and activation at 500°C were studied. The effects of pre-oxidation, hydrolysis of derived charcoals by boiled KMnO aqueous solution were evaluated. The derived charcoals products were pretreated using oxidation-hydrolysis with 1–5 wt.% KMnO at 100°C and then activated at 500°C. The derived charcoal and activated carbon products were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS and BET. Iodine number and methylene blue number of derived products were also used for the analysis of the products. It was found that fabricated charcoal materials made at 350°C–400°C… More >
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Patricia Luna^1,*, Juan Lizarazo-Marriaga¹, Alvaro Mariño²
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052669
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: Processing, Manufacturing, Characterizations and Environmentally Friendly Applications)
Abstract This study focuses on treating Guadua angustifolia bamboo fibers to enhance their properties for reinforcement applications in composite materials. Chemical (alkali) and physical (dry etching plasma) treatments were used separately to augment compatibility of Guadua angustifolia fibers with various composite matrices. The influence of these treatments on the fibers’ performance, chemical composition, and surface morphology were analyzed. Statistical analysis indicated that alkali treatments reduced the tensile modulus of elasticity and strength of fibers by up to 40% and 20%, respectively, whereas plasma treatments maintain the fibers’ mechanical performance. FTIR spectroscopy revealed significant alterations in chemical composition due More >
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Song Lu¹, Jianjun Guo², Richard Ansah Herman¹, Xinyi Wu¹, Lin Ma¹, Guohua Wu^1,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.051767
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances on Renewable Materials)
Abstract Silk is widely used in the production of high-quality textiles. At the same time, the amount of silk textiles no longer in use and discarded is increasing, resulting in significant waste and pollution. This issue is of great concern in many countries where silk is used. Hydrogen peroxide as a naturally occurring compound is an important indicator of detection in both biology and the environment. This study aims to develop a composite fiber with hydrogen peroxide-sensing properties using discarded silk materials. To achieve this goal, firstly, polydopamine (PDA) was used to encapsulate the ZnFeO NPs… More >
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Krisana Nilsuwan^1,*, Yolanda Victoria Rajagukguk², Umesh Patil¹, Thummanoon Prodpran^1,3, Soottawat Benjakul^1,4,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.051361
Abstract Maillard reaction is a non-enzymatic browning reaction and its products (MRPs) have been proven to possess antioxidant properties. This research aimed to produce a fish gelatin-based packaging incorporated with MRPs to retard lipid oxidation in chicken skin oil (CSO) during storage at ambient temperature (28°C–30°C). MRPs produced from fish gelatin and fructose (1:1, 90°C, pH 11) showed the highest antioxidant properties compared to those prepared under other conditions. Different glycerol/MRPs ratios (30:0, 25:5, 20:10, 15:15, 10:20, 5:25, 0:30) were incorporated into the film and resulting films were characterized. Glycerol/MRPs at 10:20 ratio was chosen to… More >
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Deni Fajar Fitriyana^1,2,*, Rifky Ismail^1,3,*, Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno¹, Januar Parlaungan Siregar^4,5, Tezara Cionita⁶
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052165
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances on Renewable Materials)
Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bio ceramic commonly utilized in bone tissue engineering due to its bioactive and osteoconductive properties. Crab shells are usually disregarded as waste material despite their significant CaCO content, and have not been widely utilized in the synthesis of HA. This study aims to synthesize and analyze HA derived from crab shells using the hydrothermal method with different durations of holding time. This study utilized precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) derived from crab shells. With a hydrothermal reactor set at 160°C and varying holding times of 14 (HA_14), 16 (HA_16), and 18 (HA_18)… More >
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Apip Amrullah¹, Widya Fatriasari², Novia Amalia Sholeha³, Edy Hartulistiyoso⁴, Obie Farobie^4,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.050201
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Special Issue in Celebration of JRM 10 Years)
Abstract The escalating demand for energy coupled with environmental concerns necessitates exploring sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. The study explores the viability of using large ocean-based seaweeds as a source of third-generation biomass, specifically focusing on their conversion to biofuel via the process of pyrolysis. Sargassum plagiophyllum and Ulva lactuca represent prevalent forms of macroalgae, posing significant discharge challenges for coastal regions globally. However, the exploration of their potential for bio-oil generation via pyrolysis remains limited. This study investigates the pyrolysis process of S. plagiophyllum and U. lactuca for biofuel production, aiming to provide valuable insights into their utilization and… More >
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Anggara Ridho Putra¹, Apri Heri Iswanto^1,*, Arif Nuryawan¹, Saptadi Darmawan², Elvara Windra Madyaratri², Widya Fatriasari², Lee Seng Hua³, Petar Antov^4,*, Harisyah Manurung¹, Ade Pera Amydha Sudrajat Herawati Pendi²
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.051077
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Eco-friendly Wood-Based Composites: Design, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications – 2024)
Abstract The increased valorization of renewable and cost-effective lignocellulosic feedstocks represents a viable, sustainable, and eco-friendly approach toward the production of biopellets as alternative energy sources. The aim of this research work was to investigate and evaluate the feasibility of using various lignocellulosic raw materials, i.e., raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon), mangrove (Rhizophora spp.), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), kemenyan toba (Styrax sumatrana), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), manau rattan (Calamus manan), and belangke bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens) for manufacturing biopellets with different particle sizes. The raw materials used were tested for their moisture content, specific gravity, ash, cellulose, and lignin content. In addition, thermal analyses, i.e., calorific values,… More >

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Aleksandra Jeżo^*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.051330
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Environmentally Friendly Wood-Based Composites Based on Sustainable Technologies and Renewable Materials)
Abstract Bark extracts are sustainable sources of biopolymers and hold great promise for replacing fossil fuel-based polymers, for example, in wood-based composites. In addition to primary and secondary metabolites, tree bark also contains suberin, which plays a major role in protecting the tree from environmental conditions. Suberin is a natural aliphatic-aromatic cross-linked polyester present in the cell walls of both normal and damaged external tissues, the main component of which are long-chain aliphatic acids. Its main role as a plant ingredient is to protect against microbiological factors and water loss. One of the most important suberin More >

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Sana Rezig^*, Foued Khoffi, Mounir Jaouadi, Asma Eloudiani, Slah Msahli
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.049935
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Lignocellulosic Fiber-Polymer)
Abstract Plant derived natural fibers have been widely investigated as alternatives to synthetic fibers in reinforcing polymers. Researchers over the years have explored many plant fibers using different extraction processes to study their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. In this context, the present study relates to the extraction, characterization, and optimization of Typha angustata L. stem fibers. For this purpose, desirability functions and response surface methodology were applied to simultaneously optimize the diameter (D), linear density (LD); yield (Y), lignin fraction (L), and tenacity (T) of Typha stem fibers. Typha stems have been subjected to both alkali (NaOH) and enzymatic… More >

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Rudi Dungani^1,*, Mohammad Irfan Bakshi², Tsabita Zahra Hanifa¹, Mustika Dewi¹, Firda A. Syamani², Melbi Mahardika², Widya Fatriasari^2,*
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.049342
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Special Issue in Celebration of JRM 10 Years)
Abstract The present work emphasizes the isolation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) from the kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) bast through a chemo-mechanical process. In order to develop high CNF yield with superior properties of CNF for improving compatibility in varied applications this method is proposed. The fiber purification involved pulping and bleaching treatments, whereas mechanical treatment was performed by grinding and high-pressure treatments. The kraft pulping as a delignification method followed by bleaching has successfully removed almost 99% lignin in the fiber with high pulp yield and delignification selectivity. The morphology of the fibers was characterized by scanning electron More >
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Jaewook Lee¹, Byung-Dae Park^1,*, Qinglin Wu²
Journal of Renewable Materials, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.049948
Abstract Lignin is the most abundant aromatic natural polymer, and receiving great attention in replacing various petroleum-based polymers. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of technical lignin as a polyol for the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) adhesives to substitute current polyurethane (PU) adhesives that have been synthesized with toxic isocyanate and polyols. Crude hardwood kraft lignin (C-HKL) was extracted from black liquor from a pulp mill followed by acetone fractionation to obtain acetone soluble-HKL (AS-HKL). Then, C-HKL, AS-HKL, and softwood sodium lignosulfonate (LS) were used for the synthesis of technical lignin-based… More >

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