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Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor from molecular diagnostics to current treatment

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.7, pp. 1141-1162, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.050350
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Targets and Biomarkers in Solid Tumors)
Abstract Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare neoplasm with intermediate malignancy characterized by a propensity for recurrence but a low metastatic rate. Diagnostic challenges arise from the diverse pathological presentation, variable symptomatology, and lack of different imaging features. However, IMT is identified by the fusion of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, which is present in approximately 70% of cases, with various fusion partners, including ran-binding protein 2 (RANBP2), which allows confirmation of the diagnosis. While surgery is the preferred approach for localized tumors, the optimal long-term treatment for advanced or metastatic disease is difficult… More >

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Exploring the effects of taurolidine on tumor weight and microvessel density in a murine model of osteosarcoma

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.7, pp. 1163-1172, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.050907
Abstract Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary bone tumor. The prognosis for patients with disseminated disease remains very poor despite recent advancements in chemotherapy. Moreover, current treatment regimens bear a significant risk of serious side effects. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for effective therapies with improved safety profiles. Taurolidine is an antibacterial agent that has been shown to induce cell death in different types of cancer cell lines. Methods: In this study, we examined both the antineoplastic and antiangiogenic effects of taurolidine in animal models of osteosarcoma. K7M2 murine osteosarcoma cells were… More >

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69

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IKIP downregulates THBS1/FAK signaling to suppress migration and invasion by glioblastoma cells

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.7, pp. 1173-1184, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.042456
Abstract Background: Inhibitor of NF-κB kinase-interacting protein (IKIP) is known to promote proliferation of glioblastoma (GBM) cells, but how it affects migration and invasion by those cells is unclear. Methods: We compared levels of IKIP between glioma tissues and normal brain tissue in clinical samples and public databases. We examined the effects of IKIP overexpression and knockdown on the migration and invasion of GBM using transwell and wound healing assays, and we compared the transcriptomes under these different conditions to identify the molecular mechanisms involved. Results: Based on data from our clinical samples and from public databases, More >

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103

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Silencing of the long non-coding RNA LINC00265 triggers autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer by reducing protein stability of SIN3A oncogene

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.7, pp. 1185-1195, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.030771
Abstract Background: Long non-coding RNAs are important regulators in cancer biology and function either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes. Their dysregulation has been closely associated with tumorigenesis. LINC00265 is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma and is a prognostic biomarker of this cancer. However, the mechanism underlying its function in cancer progression remains poorly understood. Methods: Here, the regulatory role of LINC00265 in lung adenocarcinoma was examined using lung cancer cell lines, clinical samples, and xenografts. Results: We found that high levels of LINC00265 expression were associated with shorter overall survival rate of patients, whereas knockdown of LINC00265 inhibited proliferation… More >

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56

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Trametinib boosts palbociclib’s efficacy in breast cancer via autophagy inhibition

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.7, pp. 1197-1207, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.046139
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Signaling Pathway Crosstalk in Malignant Tumors: Molecular Targets and Combinatorial Therapeutics)
Abstract Breast cancer, a predominant global health issue, requires ongoing exploration of new therapeutic strategies. Palbociclib (PAL), a well-known cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, plays a critical role in breast cancer treatment. While its efficacy is recognized, the interplay between PAL and cellular autophagy, particularly in the context of the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, remains insufficiently explored. This study investigates PAL’s inhibitory effects on breast cancer using both in vitro (MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells) and in vivo (tumor-bearing nude mice) models. Aimed at elucidating the impact of PAL on autophagic processes and exploring the potential of combining it with trametinib… More >

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125

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ROR2 promotes invasion and chemoresistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.7, pp. 1209-1219, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.045433
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cancer Metastasis)
Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: ROR2 expression in primary TNBC and metastatic TNBC tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and PCR. ROR2 expression in TNBC cell lines was detected by PCR and Western blot analysis. The migration, invasion and chemosensitivity of TNBC cells with overexpression or knockdown of ROR2 were examined. Results: ROR2 expression was high in metastatic TNBC tissues. ROR2 knockdown suppressed the migration, invasion and chemoresistance of TNBC cells. ROR2 overexpression in MDA-MB-435 cells promoted the migration, More >

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LncRNA PCGEM1 facilitates cervical cancer progression via miR-642a-5p/KIF5B axis

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.7, pp. 1221-1229, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.047454
Abstract At present, the role of many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as tumor suppressors in the formation and development of cervical cancer (CC) has been studied. However, lncRNA prostate cancer gene expression marker 1 (PCGEM1), whose high expression not only aggravates ovarian cancer but also can induce tumorigenesis and endometrial cancer progression, has not been studied in CC. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and the underlying role of PCGEM1 in CC. The relative expression of PCGEM1 in CC cells was detected by real-time PCR. After the suppression of PCGEM1 expression by… More >

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The effect of celastrol in combination with 5-fluorouracil on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell lines

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.7, pp. 1231-1237, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.047187
Abstract Background: Despite the availability of chemotherapy drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the treatment of some cancers such as gastric cancer remains challenging due to drug resistance and side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of celastrol in combination with the chemotherapy drug 5-FU on proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS and EPG85-257). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, AGS and EPG85-257 cells were treated with different concentrations of celastrol, 5-FU, and their combination. Cell proliferation was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The synergistic effect… More >

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80

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Targeting triple-negative breast cancer: A clinical perspective

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 221-238, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.028525
Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a disease with often an aggressive course and a poor prognosis compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. TNBC accounts for approximately 10%–15% of all diagnosed breast cancer cases and represents a high unmet need in the field. Up to just a few years ago, chemotherapy was the only systemic treatment option for this subtype (1). To date, TNBC is considered a heterogeneous disease. One of the existing classifications is based on the analysis of mRNA expression in 587 TNBC cases, in which Lehman et al. proposed six subtypes of… More >

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A Th2-score in the tumor microenvironment as a predictive biomarker of response to Bacillus Calmette Guérin in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma: A retrospective study

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.2, pp. 207-220, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.028163
Abstract Intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) is the gold standard therapy for intermediate/high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, the response rate is ~60%, and 50% of non-responders will progress to muscle-invasive disease. BCG induces massive local infiltration of inflammatory cells (Th1) and ultimately cytotoxic tumor elimination. We searched for predictive biomarker of BCG response by analyzing tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) polarization in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in pre-treatment biopsies. Pre-treatment biopsies from patients with NMIBC who received adequate intravesical instillation of BCG (n = 32) were evaluated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry. TME polarization was assessed by quantifying… More >

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Opportunities and challenges of CD47-targeted therapy in cancer immunotherapy

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 49-60, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.042383
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy)
Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) playing a pivotal role in modulating the immune response. CD47, a cell surface protein, has been identified as a crucial regulator of the TME and a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. However, the precise functions and implications of CD47 in the TME during immunotherapy for cancer patients remain incompletely understood. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of CD47’s multifaced role in TME regulation and immune evasion, elucidating its impact on various types of immunotherapy… More >

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790

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Mechanism of NURP1 in temozolomide resistance in hypoxia-treated glioma cells via the KDM3A/TFEB axis

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 345-359, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.028724
Abstract Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a major obstacle in glioma treatment. Nuclear protein-1 (NUPR1) is a regulator of glioma progression. This study investigated the mechanism of NUPR1 in TMZ resistance in hypoxia-treated glioma cells and its mechanism in modulating autophagy. We treated TMZ-resistant cells U251-TMZ and T98G-TMZ to normoxia or hypoxia and silenced NUPR1 in hypoxia-treated U251-TMZ and T98G-TMZ cells to assess cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, LC3-II/LC3-I and p62 expressions, and autophagic flux under different concentrations of TMZ. We found that hypoxia upregulated NUPR1 expression and autophagy while NUPR1 silencing suppressed hypoxia-induced TMZ resistance and autophagy… More >

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Progress on diagnostic and prognostic markers of pancreatic cancer

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.2, pp. 83-99, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.028905
Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease characterized by low survival and high recurrence rate, whose patients are mostly at the stage of locally advanced or metastatic disease when first diagnosed. Early diagnosis is particularly important because prognostic/predictive markers help guide optimal individualized treatment regimens. So far, CA19-9 is the only biomarker for pancreatic cancer approved by the FDA, but its effectiveness is limited by low sensitivity and specificity. With recent advances in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other analytical and sequencing technologies, the rapid acquisition and screening of biomarkers is now possible. Liquid biopsy also occupies More >

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MicroRNA-329-3p inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by targeting transcription factor 7-like 1

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.3, pp. 463-476, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.044085
Abstract An important factor in the emergence and progression of osteosarcoma (OS) is the dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). Transcription factor 7-like 1 (TCF7L1), a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factor family, interacts with the Wnt signaling pathway regulator β-catenin and acts as a DNA-specific binding protein. This study sought to elucidate the impact of the interaction between miR-329-3p and TCF7L1 on the growth and apoptosis of OS and analyze the regulatory expression relationship between miRNA and mRNA in osteosarcoma cells using a variety of approaches. MiR329-3p was significantly downregulated, while… More >

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370

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A review of the literature on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.3, pp. 439-461, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.044473
Abstract Noncoding RNAs instruct the Cas9 nuclease to site-specifically cleave DNA in the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Despite the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the patient’s outcome is poor. As a result of the emergence of therapeutic resistance in HCC patients, clinicians have faced difficulties in treating such tumor. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 screens were used to identify genes that improve the clinical response of HCC patients. It is the objective of this article to summarize the current understanding of the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the treatment of cancer, with a particular emphasis on HCC as… More >

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412

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The role of AFAP1-AS1 in mitotic catastrophe and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer cells by activating the PLK1 signaling pathway

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 375-388, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.028256
Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by fast growth, high metastasis, high invasion, and a lack of therapeutic targets. Mitosis and metastasis of TNBC cells are two important biological behaviors in TNBC malignant progression. It is well known that the long noncoding RNA AFAP1-AS1 plays a crucial role in various tumors, but whether AFAP1-AS1 is involved in the mitosis of TNBC cells remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the functional mechanism of AFAP1-AS1 in targeting Polo-like Kinase 1 (PLK1) activation and participating in mitosis of TNBC cells. We detected the expression of AFAP1-AS1 in the TNBC… More >

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The effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on PD-1/PDL-1 axis in HPV-related cervical cancer

Oncology Research, Vol.30, No.3, pp. 99-116, 2022, DOI:10.32604/or.2022.026776
Abstract Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), including HPV-16 and HPV-18, is the main cause of malignancies, such as cervical cancer. Viral oncoproteins encoded by HPV are expressed in HPV-positive cancers and associated with the early cancer stages and the transformation of normal cells. The signaling pathways involved in the transformation of normal cells to cancerous form and the subsequently expressed programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of the transformed cells lead to a disruption in recognition of tumor cells by the immune cell system, including T lymphocytes and dendritic cells which lead to… More >

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Review and prospect of immune checkpoint blockade therapy represented by PD-1/PD-L1 in the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 255-270, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.027942
Abstract As a common tumor of the urinary system, the morbidity and mortality related to renal carcinoma, are increasing annually. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma, accounting for approximately 75% of the total number of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Currently, the clinical treatment of ccRCC involves targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and a combination of the two. In immunotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 blocking of activated T cells to kill cancer cells is the most common treatment. However, as treatment progresses, some patients gradually develop resistance to immunotherapy. Meanwhile, other patients More >

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