FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing
- ISSN: 1555-256X (print)
- ISSN: 1555-2578 (online) Publication Frequency: Bimonthly
About the Journal
The Journal is intended to cover some "frontier" aspects of materials science and, in particular, the most modern and advanced processes for the production of inorganic (semiconductors and metal alloys), organic (protein crystals) materials and "living" (in vitro) biological tissues, with emphasis on the fluid-dynamic conditions under which they are operated. The Journal focuses on the final properties of these materials as well as on fluid-mechanical aspects pertaining to the technological processes used to grow them. Some attention is devoted as well to all those problems of “structure/fluid” interaction that have extensive background applications in important fields such as marine, aeronautical and aerospace engineering.
Indexing and Abstracting
Emerging Source Citation Index (Web of Science) (ESCI 2016); Scopus Citescore (Impact per Publication 2021): 1.9; SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper 2021): 0.745; Engineering Index (Compendex); Thomson Reuters (Clarivate Analytics) Master Journal List; Web of Science Core Collection; Applied Mechanics Reviews; Cambridge Scientific Abstracts: Aerospace and High Technology, Materials Sciences & Engineering, and Computer & Information Systems Abstracts Database; INSPEC Databases; Mechanics; Science Navigator; Zentralblatt fur Mathematik; Portico, etc...
- OPEN ACCESS REVIEW
- A Review of Methods Based on Nanofluids and Biomimetic Structures for the Optimization of Heat Transfer in Electronic Devices
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1205-1227, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021200
- Abstract Nowadays, the utilization rate of electronic products is increasing while showing no obvious sign of reaching a limit. To solve the associated “internal heat generation problem”, scientists have proposed two methods or strategies. The first approach consists of replacing the heat exchange medium with a nanofluid. However, the high surface energy of the nanoparticles makes them prone to accumulate along the heat transfer surface. The second method follows a different approach. It tries to modify the surface structure of the electronic components in order to reduce the fluid-dynamic drag and improve the rate of heat exchange. This article reviews these… More
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- Application of Epoxy Coatings to Increase the Efficiency of Wax Oils Production
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1229-1241, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.020424
- （This article belongs to this Special Issue: Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing in the Oil and Gas Industry)
- Abstract When producing hydrocarbons, an important task relates to the optimization of the stock of the producing well. The main complications for wells in non-working mode are represented by the formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits. This issue is one of the most common problems in the production and transportation of oil. A promising method to deal with these deposits is the application of smooth coatings made of epoxy polymers on the inner surface of the production well tubing. In this work, a number of laboratory studies were carried out on the “Cold Finger” installation to assess the effectiveness of this approach. These… More
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- Thermodynamic Investigation of a Solar Energy Cogeneration Plant Using an Organic Rankine Cycle in Supercritical Conditions
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1243-1251, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021831
- Abstract In the present work, a novel Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) configuration is used for a low-grade heat source cogeneration plant. An investigation is conducted accordingly into the simultaneous production of electricity and cold. The proposed configuration relies on concentrated solar power (as heat source) and ambient air (for cooling). Furthermore, two gas ejectors are added to the system in order to optimize the thermodynamic efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle. The results show that the thermodynamic and geometric parameters related to these ejectors have an important effect on the overall system performances. In order to account for the related environmental… More
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- Numerical Study of Temperature and Electric Field Effects on the Total Optical Absorption Coefficient in the Presence of Optical Inter-Conduction-Subband Transitions in InGaN/GaN Single Parabolic Quantum Wells
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1253-1261, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021759
- Abstract In this paper, we theoretically investigate the total optical coefficient (TOAC) considering 1S-2P and 2S-2P conduction subband transitions in a single parabolic quantum well (SPQW) with an on-center hydrogen-like impurity. Within the framework of the effective-mass approximation, the Schrödinger equation is solved numerically to obtain the eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors using the finite difference method. The calculations are performed for finite confinement potential height, taking into account the dielectric and effective mass mismatches between GaN and InGaN materials under the considered electric field and temperature effects. The temperature dependence of the effective mass, dielectric constant and band gap energy… More
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- An Improved Model to Characterize Drill-String Vibrations in Rotary Drilling Applications
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1263-1273, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.020405
- （This article belongs to this Special Issue: Dynamics and Materials Processing in Petroleum Engineering)
- Abstract A specific model is elaborated for stick-slip and bit-bounce vibrations, which are dangerous dynamic phenomena typically encountered in the context of rotary drilling applications. Such a model takes into account two coupled degrees of freedom of drill-string vibrations. Moreover, it assumes a state-dependent time delay and a viscous damping for both the axial and torsional vibrations and relies on a sawtooth function to account for the cutting force fluctuation. In the frame of this theoretical approach, the influence of rock brittleness on the stability of the drill string is calculated via direct integration of the model equations. The results show… More
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- Modeling of the Photovoltaic Module Operating Temperature for Various Weather Conditions in the Tropical Region
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1275-1284, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021972
- Abstract The operating temperature is a critical factor affecting the performances of photovoltaic (PV) modules. In this work, relevant models are proposed for the prediction of this operating temperature using data (ambient temperature and solar irradiance) based on real measurements conducted in the tropical region. For each weather condition (categorized according to irradiance and temperature levels), the temperatures of the PV modules obtained using the proposed approach is compared with the corresponding experimentally measured value. The results show that the proposed models have a smaller Root Mean Squared Error than other models developed in the literature for all weather conditions, which… More
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- Towards the Development of Mechanical Systems Entirely Based on Natural Materials
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1285-1292, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021803
- Abstract In order to mitigate the risks stemming from the utilization of mineral and synthetic organic substances, consensus exists in the literature that additional efforts should be devoted to the identification of adequate equivalent natural (ecological) materials. This work presents the outcomes of a preliminary study where the physical, mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of natural fibers have been considered. Initially, areca, and materials such as Moroccan doum and jute are considered. As a case study, a brake pad based on natural fibers is critically assessed. More
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- Analysis of the Thermal Performance of External Insulation in Prefabricated Buildings Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1293-1306, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.018561
- （This article belongs to this Special Issue: EFD and Heat Transfer IV)
- Abstract This paper investigates the thermal performance of prefabricated exterior walls using the Computational Fluid Dynamics method to reduce energy consumption. The thermal performance of the prefabricated exterior wall was numerically simulated using the software ANSYS Fluent. The composite wall containing the cavity is taken as the research object in this paper after analysis. The simulation suggests that when the cavity thickness is 20 mm and 30 mm, the heat transfer coefficient of the air-sandwich wall is 1.3 and 1.29, respectively. Therefore, the optimal width of the cavity is 20 mm, and the most suitable material is the aerated concrete block.… More
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- Analysis of the Weight Loss of High Temperature Cement Slurry
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1307-1318, 2022, DOI: 10.32604/fdmp.2022.020294
- （This article belongs to this Special Issue: Meshless, Mesh-Based and Mesh-Reduction Methods Based Analysis of Fluid Flow in Porous Media)
- Abstract The weight loss of cement slurry is the main cause of early annular air channeling and accurate experimental evaluation of the law of loss change is the key to achieve compression stability and prevent this undesired phenomenon. Typically, tests on the pressure loss of cement slurry are carried out for temperature smaller than 120°C, and this condition cannot simulate effectively the situation occurring in high temperature wells. For this reason, in this study a series of experimental tests have been conducted considering a larger range of temperatures, different retarders and fluid loss additives. The results show that with an increase… More
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- Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Buoyancy Ratio and Dufour Parameter on Thermosolutal Convection in a Square Salt Gradient Solar Pond
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1319-1329, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021500
- Abstract Revise the abstract as follows: This work aims to investigate numerically the influence of the buoyancy ratio and the Dufour parameter on thermosolutal convection in a square Salt Gradient Solar Pond (SGSP). The absorption of solar radiation by the saline water, the heat losses and the wind effects via the SGSP free surface are considered. The mathematical model is based on the Navier-Stokes equations used in synergy with the thermal energy equation. These equations are solved using the finite volume method and the Gauss algorithm. Velocity-pressure coupling is implemented through the SIMPLE algorithm. Simulations of the SGSP are performed for… More
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- Hydrodynamic Pattern Investigation of Ethanol Droplet Train Impingement on Heated Aluminum Surface
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1331-1338, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021793
- Abstract Steady-state hydrodynamic patterns of ethanol droplet train impingement on the heated aluminum surface is investigated in the surface temperature range of 80°C–260°C using two different Weber numbers (We) of 618 and 792. Instead of a vertical train impingement, the droplet train is sent to the aluminum surface with an incline of 63 degrees. Changes in the spreading length are observed at different surface temperatures for two different We values, which are obtained by using two different pinholes with 100 and 150 μm diameters. The greatest spreading length is seen at the lowest surface temperature (80°C) and it continuously decreases until… More
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- Effect of Hole Configuration on Heat Transfer through a Hollow Block Subjected to Solar Flux
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1339-1348, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021564
- Abstract In this paper, some effort is provided to optimize the geometry of a concrete hollow brick (used in the construction of building roofs) in order to increase the related thermal resistance, thereby reducing energy consumption. The analysis is conducted for three different configurations of the hollow concrete bricks. Coupling of conduction, natural convection and thermal radiation phenomena is considered. Moreover, the flows are assumed to be laminar and two-dimensional for the whole range of parameters examined. The conservation equations are solved by a finite difference method based on the control volumes approach and the SIMPLE algorithm for velocity-pressure coupling. The… More
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- LES Analysis of the Unsteady Flow Characteristics of a Centrifugal Pump Impeller
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1349-1361, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.019617
- Abstract Stall phenomena increase the complexity of the internal flow in centrifugal pump impellers. In order to tackle this problem, in the present work, a large eddy simulation (LES) approach is applied to determine the characteristics of these unstable flows. Moreover, a vorticity identification method is used to characterize quantitatively the vortex position inside the impeller and its influencing area. By comparing the outcomes of the numerical simulations and experimental results provided by a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique, it is shown that an apparent “alternating stall” phenomenon exists inside the impeller when relatively small flow rate conditions are considered. The… More
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- Experimental Study on the Effect of the Inclination Angle on the Scouring Efficiency of Submerged Water Jets
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1363-1371, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.019746
- Abstract The effects of oblique submerged scouring jets on sand beds with various particle sizes have been studied experimentally. In particular, a total of 25 experiments have been carried out to explore the influences of the jet angle and application time on the considered submerged sand beds. Test results conducted with a specially-designed device have shown that the scouring efficiency attains a maximum when the inclination angle is in the range between 15° and 20° and then it decreases when the inclination angle becomes higher. More
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- Hydromagnetic Nanofluid Film Flow over a Stretching Sheet with Prescribed Heat Flux and Viscous Dissipation
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1373-1388, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.020509
- Abstract Thermal radiative heat transfer through a thin horizontal liquid film of a Newtonian nanofluid subjected to a magnetic field is considered. The physical boundary conditions are a variable surface heat flux and a uniform concentration along the sheet. Moreover, viscous dissipation is present and concentration is assumed to be influenced by both thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. Using a similarity method to turn the underlying Partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and a shooting technique to solve these equations, the skin-friction coefficient, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number are determined. Among other things, it… More
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- Numerical Study of Natural Convection in an Inclined Porous Cavity
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1389-1397, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021619
- Abstract Two-dimensional transient laminar natural convection in a square cavity containing a porous medium and inclined at an angle of 30∘ is investigated numerically. The vertical walls are differentially heated, and the horizontal walls are adiabatic. The effect of Rayleigh number on heat transfer and on the road to chaos is analyzed. The natural heat transfer and the Darcy Brinkman equations are solved by using a finite volume method and a Tri Diagonal Matrix Algorithm (TDMA). The results are obtained for a porosity equal to 0.45, a Darcy number and a Prandtl respectively equal to 10−3 and 0.71; they are analyzed… More
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- Coupled Conductive-Convective-Radiative Heat Transfer in Hollow Blocks with Two Air Cells in the Vertical Direction Subjected to an Incident Solar Flux
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1399-1407, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021760
- Abstract This work presents the results of a set of steady-state numerical simulations about heat transfer in hollow blocks in the presence of coupled natural convection, conduction and radiation. Blocks with two air cells deep in the vertical direction and three identical cavities in the horizontal direction are considered (typically used for building ceilings). Moreover, their outside horizontal surface is subjected to an incident solar flux and outdoor environment temperature while the inside surface is exposed to typical indoor environment conditions. The flows are considered laminar and two-dimensional over the whole range of parameters examined. The conservation equations are solved by… More
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- Effects of Chemical Treatment on the Physical Properties of Typha
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1409-1418, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021968
- Abstract Plant-based concretes are produced from plant aggregates and a binder. Plant fibers are mainly composed of saccharides (sugars) and these sugars can decrease the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the cement pore solution and delay the formation of hydration products. To improve the interfacial bond between fibers and matrix a chemical treatment is widely used. This study investigates the effect of sodium hydroxide treatment on physical and hygroscopic properties of Typha aggregates. In particular, a 5% sodium hydroxide solution is used to treat these aggregates and their bulk and absolute densities, porosity, water content and water absorption are evaluated accordingly.… More
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- Comparison of Ashes Produced in a Biomass Moving Grate Boiler by Wood Chips and Sewage Sludge
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1419-1425, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021753
- Abstract One option to fight global warming is to convert our use of fossil energy into renewables such as biomass energy. However, the forest preservation and the quality of the ambient air are also two major issues. Therefore, the use of biomass waste without any supplementary emissions could represent a part of the solution. In this study, two fuels were considered for a 200 kW moving grate boiler. A multicyclone and a bag filter were fitted on the boiler. The first fuel consisted of classical wood chips whereas the second was a mixture of wood chips with sewage sludge. This second… More
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- Production of Wood Fibers from Thermally Treated Wood
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1427-1439, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022057
- Abstract The reduction of the hygroscopicity of wood fibers was investigated through a Thermal Treatment (TT) on wood chips performed before the defibering process. The TT and defibering tests were both carried out on a continuous pilot at semi-industrial scale. The thermal treatment study of wood chips, equivalent to a low temperature pyrolysis, was achieved for four conditions (280°C–320°C) for a duration of 10 min. Mass quantification of solids, condensables and gases (FTIR) at the outcome of the thermal treatment allowed to achieve the mass balances for each condition. The increase of the reactor temperature from 280°C to 320°C leads to… More
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- A Model for the Connectivity of Horizontal Wells in Water-Flooding Oil Reservoirs
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1441-1468, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.019788
- （This article belongs to this Special Issue: Meshless, Mesh-Based and Mesh-Reduction Methods Based Analysis of Fluid Flow in Porous Media)
- Abstract As current calculation models for inter-well connectivity in oilfields can only account for vertical wells, an updated model is elaborated here that can predict the future production performance and evaluate the connectivity of horizontal wells (or horizontal and vertical wells). In this model, the injection-production system of the considered reservoir is simplified and represented with many connected units. Moreover, the horizontal well is modeled with multiple connected wells without considering the pressure loss in the horizontal direction. With this approach, the production performance for both injection and production wells can be obtained by calculating the bottom-hole flowing pressure and oil/water… More
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- Analysis of Lateritic Soil Reinforced with Palm Kernel Shells for Use as a Sub-Base Layer for Low-Traffic Roads
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1469-1482, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021902
- Abstract In tropical areas, palm oil production generates significant amounts of waste, including palm kernel shells. The use of this waste in the civil engineering sector, presents a very challenging task. In the present study, the production of lateritic soil (A-2 in GTR classification and A-7-6 (9) in HRB classification) reinforced with palm kernel shells is considered. In order to improve their performances, these materials are mixed using the Fuller’s parabolic law. Moreover, experimental tests are used to characterize the physical and mechanical geotechnical properties of the lateritic soil. After characterizing the matrix (i.e., lateritic soil) and the inclusions (i.e., palm… More
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- Simulation of the Hygrothermal Behavior of a Building Envelope Based on Phase Change Materials and a Bio-Based Concrete
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1483-1494, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021917
- Abstract Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have high thermal inertia, and hemp concrete (HC), a bio-based concrete, has strong hygroscopic behavior. In previous studies, PCM has been extensively combined with many materials, however, most of these studies focused on thermal properties while neglecting hygroscopic aspects. In this study, the two materials have been combined into a building envelope and the related hygrothermal properties have been studied. In particular, numerical studies have been performed to investigate the temperature and relative humidity behavior inside the HC, and the effect of adding PCM on the hygrothermal behavior of the HC. The results show that there… More
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- Study on the Influence of a Wake Vortex on an ARJ21 Aircraft Using the Strip Method
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1495-1509, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.019018
- （This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advances in Fluid Dynamics and Functional Materials)
- Abstract A model for the vortex distribution in the wake of an aircraft is elaborated to investigate the wake influence on the behaviour of other aircrafts potentially interacting with it. As a realistic case, the interaction of an ARJ21 aircraft with a (leading) A330-200 aircraft is considered. Different distances are considered, namely, 6 km, 7 km, 8 km, 9.3 km, and 10 km. Simulations based on the used wake dissipation mechanism are used to investigate different conditions, namely, the ARJ21 in take-off and level flight and the changes induced in the related lift by the front aircraft A330-200 during landing. The… More
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- Application of an Artificial Neural Network Method for the Prediction of the Tube-Side Fouling Resistance in a Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchanger
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1511-1519, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021925
- Abstract The accumulation of undesirable deposits on the heat exchange surface represents a critical issue in industrial heat exchangers. Taking experimental measurements of the fouling is relatively difficult and, often, this method does not lead to precise results. To overcome these problems, in the present study, a new approach based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to predict the fouling resistance as a function of specific measurable variables in the phosphoric acid concentration process. These include: the phosphoric acid inlet and outlet temperatures, the steam temperature, the phosphoric acid density, the phosphoric acid volume flow rate circulating in the… More
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- Prediction of Low-Permeability Reservoirs Performances Using Long and Short-Term Memory Machine Learning
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1521-1528, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.020942
- （This article belongs to this Special Issue: Meshless, Mesh-Based and Mesh-Reduction Methods Based Analysis of Fluid Flow in Porous Media)
- Abstract In order to overcome the typical limitations of numerical simulation methods used to estimate the production of low-permeability reservoirs, in this study, a new data-driven approach is proposed for the case of water-driven hypo-permeable reservoirs. In particular, given the bottlenecks of traditional recurrent neural networks in handling time series data, a neural network with long and short-term memory is used for such a purpose. This method can reduce the time required to solve a large number of partial differential equations. As such, it can therefore significantly improve the efficiency in predicting the needed production performances. Practical examples about water-driven hypotonic… More
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- Experimental Electromagnetic Characterization of High Temperature Superconductors Coils Located in Proximity to Electromagnetically Active Materials
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1529-1537, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021827
- Abstract The electromagnetic properties of high temperature superconductors (HTS) are characterized with the explicit intent to improve their integration in electric power systems. A tape and a coil made of Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide (BSCCO) are considered in the presence of electromagnetically active materials in order to mimic properly the electromagnetic environment typical of electrical machines. The characterization consists of the determining the critical current and the AC losses at different values of the frequency and the transport current. The effects induced by the proximity of the active materials are studied and some related experimental issues are analyzedc. More
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- Thermal Analysis of Melting Occurring Inside a Finned Rectangular Enclosure Equipped with Discrete Pulsed Protruding Heat Sources
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1539-1549, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021839
- Abstract This paper numerically investigates the effect of the location of a horizontal fin on the melting of a phase change material (PCM) inside a rectangular enclosure heated by multiple discrete pulsed protruding heat sources. The fin and the phase change material filling the enclosure store the thermal energy extracted from the heat sources, in sensible and latent forms. The heat sources are assumed to simulate electronic components undergoing a superheating technical issue. By extracting heat from the electronics, the PCM plays the role of a heat sink. To analyze the thermal behavior and predict the cooling performance of the proposed… More
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- Navier Slip and Heat Transfer in a Nanofluid Due to a Stretching/Shrinking Sheet: An Analytical Study
- FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1551-1567, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021949
- Abstract This paper is devoted to the analysis of the heat transfer and Navier’s slip effects in a non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid flowing past a stretching/shrinking sheet. The nanoparticles, namely, Cu and Al2O3 are used with a water-based fluid with Prandtl number 6.272. Velocity slip flow is assumed to occur when the characteristic size of the flow system is small or the flow pressure is very small. By using the similarity transformations, the governing nonlinear PDEs are turned into ordinary differential equations (ODE’s). Analytical results are presented and analyzed for various values of physical parameters: Prandtl number, Radiation parameter, stretching/shrinking parameter and… More
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