Open Access

ARTICLE

Privacy-Preserving and Lightweight V2I and V2V Authentication Protocol Using Blockchain Technology

Muhammad Imran Ghafoor¹, Awad Bin Naeem^2,*, Biswaranjan Senapati³, Md. Sakiul Islam Sudman⁴, Satyabrata Pradhan⁵, Debabrata Das⁶, Friban Almeida⁶, Hesham A. Sakr⁷

1 Department of Engineering, Pakistan Television Corporation, Lahore, 54501, Pakistan
2 Department of Computer Science, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
3 Department of Computer Science and Data Science, Parker Hannifin Corp, Chicago, IL 60503, USA
4 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
5 General Motors, Warren, MI 48092, USA
6 Department of Computer Science and Data Science, ECOLABS, Aurora, IL 60503, USA
7 Lecturer at Communications and Electronics Department, Nile Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, 35111, Egypt

* Corresponding Author: Awad Bin Naeem. Email: