Open Access

ARTICLE

Chaotic Elephant Herd Optimization with Machine Learning for Arabic Hate Speech Detection

Badriyya B. Al-onazi¹, Jaber S. Alzahrani², Najm Alotaibi³, Hussain Alshahrani⁴, Mohamed Ahmed Elfaki⁴, Radwa Marzouk⁵, Heba Mohsen⁶, Abdelwahed Motwakel^7,*

1 Department of Language Preparation, Arabic Language Teaching Institute, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering at Alqunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 24382, Saudi Arabia
3 Prince Saud AlFaisal Institute for Diplomatic Studies, Riyadh, 12735, Saudi Arabia
4 Department of Computer Science, College of Computing and Information Technology, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11911, Saudi Arabia
5 Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
6 Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, Future University in Egypt New Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
7 Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Al-Kharj, 16278, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Abdelwahed Motwakel. Email: