Open Access

ARTICLE

Genetic Algorithm Combined with the K-Means Algorithm: A Hybrid Technique for Unsupervised Feature Selection

by Hachemi Bennaceur, Meznah Almutairy, Norah Alhussain^*

Computer Science Department, Imam Mohammad bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 13318, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Norah Alhussain. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Optimization Algorithm for Intelligent Computing Application)

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023, 37(3), 2687-2706. https://doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2023.038723

Received 27 December 2022; Accepted 28 April 2023; Issue published 11 September 2023

Abstract

The dimensionality of data is increasing very rapidly, which creates challenges for most of the current mining and learning algorithms, such as large memory requirements and high computational costs. The literature includes much research on feature selection for supervised learning. However, feature selection for unsupervised learning has only recently been studied. Finding the subset of features in unsupervised learning that enhances the performance is challenging since the clusters are indeterminate. This work proposes a hybrid technique for unsupervised feature selection called GAk-MEANS, which combines the genetic algorithm (GA) approach with the classical k-Means algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, a new fitness function is designed in addition to new smart crossover and mutation operators. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated on various datasets. Furthermore, the performance of GAk-MEANS has been compared with other genetic algorithms, such as the genetic algorithm using the Sammon Error Function and the genetic algorithm using the Sum of Squared Error Function. Additionally, the performance of GAk-MEANS is compared with the state-of-the-art statistical unsupervised feature selection techniques. Experimental results show that GAk-MEANS consistently selects subsets of features that result in better classification accuracy compared to others. In particular, GAk-MEANS is able to significantly reduce the size of the subset of selected features by an average of 86.35% (72%–96.14%), which leads to an increase of the accuracy by an average of 3.78% (1.05%–6.32%) compared to using all features. When compared with the genetic algorithm using the Sammon Error Function, GAk-MEANS is able to reduce the size of the subset of selected features by 41.29% on average, improve the accuracy by 5.37%, and reduce the time by 70.71%. When compared with the genetic algorithm using the Sum of Squared Error Function, GAk-MEANS on average is able to reduce the size of the subset of selected features by 15.91%, and improve the accuracy by 9.81%, but the time is increased by a factor of 3. When compared with the machine-learning based methods, we observed that GAk-MEANS is able to increase the accuracy by 13.67% on average with an 88.76% average increase in time.

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