Open Access

ARTICLE

PF-YOLOv4-Tiny: Towards Infrared Target Detection on Embedded Platform

by Wenbo Li, Qi Wang^*, Shang Gao

School of Computer, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China

* Corresponding Author: Qi Wang. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Optimization Algorithm for Intelligent Computing Application)

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023, 37(1), 921-938. https://doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2023.038257

Received 05 December 2022; Accepted 15 February 2023; Issue published 29 April 2023

Abstract

Infrared target detection models are more required than ever before to be deployed on embedded platforms, which requires models with less memory consumption and better real-time performance while considering accuracy. To address the above challenges, we propose a modified You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm PF-YOLOv4-Tiny. The algorithm incorporates spatial pyramidal pooling (SPP) and squeeze-and-excitation (SE) visual attention modules to enhance the target localization capability. The PANet-based-feature pyramid networks (P-FPN) are proposed to transfer semantic information and location information simultaneously to ameliorate detection accuracy. To lighten the network, the standard convolutions other than the backbone network are replaced with depthwise separable convolutions. In post-processing the images, the soft-non-maximum suppression (soft-NMS) algorithm is employed to subside the missed and false detection problems caused by the occlusion between targets. The accuracy of our model can finally reach 61.75%, while the total Params is only 9.3 M and GFLOPs is 11. At the same time, the inference speed reaches 87 FPS on NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650 Ti, which can meet the requirements of the infrared target detection algorithm for the embedded deployments.

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