Open Access

ARTICLE

An Energy-Efficient Multi-swarm Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks

Reem Alkanhel¹, Kalaiselvi Chinnathambi², C. Thilagavathi³, Mohamed Abouhawwash^4,5, Mona A. Al duailij⁶, Manal Abdullah Alohali⁷, Doaa Sami Khafaga^6,*

1 Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638060, India
3 Department of Information Technology, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur, 639113, India
4 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
5 Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering (CMSE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
6 Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
7 Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Doaa Sami Khafaga. Email: