Open Access

ARTICLE

A Multi-Modal Deep Learning Approach for Emotion Recognition

H. M. Shahzad^1,3, Sohail Masood Bhatti^1,3,*, Arfan Jaffar^1,3, Muhammad Rashid²

1 The Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
2 National University of Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
3 Intelligent Data Visual Computing Research (IDVCR), Lahore, Pakistan

* Corresponding Author: Sohail Masood Bhatti. Email:

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023, 36(2), 1561-1570. https://doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2023.032525

Received 20 May 2022; Accepted 24 June 2022; Issue published 05 January 2023

Abstract

In recent years, research on facial expression recognition (FER) under mask is trending. Wearing a mask for protection from Covid 19 has become a compulsion and it hides the facial expressions that is why FER under the mask is a difficult task. The prevailing unimodal techniques for facial recognition are not up to the mark in terms of good results for the masked face, however, a multimodal technique can be employed to generate better results. We proposed a multimodal methodology based on deep learning for facial recognition under a masked face using facial and vocal expressions. The multimodal has been trained on a facial and vocal dataset. We have used two standard datasets, M-LFW for the masked dataset and CREMA-D and TESS dataset for vocal expressions. The vocal expressions are in the form of audio while the faces data is in image form that is why the data is heterogenous. In order to make the data homogeneous, the voice data is converted into images by taking spectrogram. A spectrogram embeds important features of the voice and it converts the audio format into the images. Later, the dataset is passed to the multimodal for training. neural network and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed multimodal algorithm outsets unimodal methods and other state-of-the-art deep neural network models.

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Keywords

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