Open Access

ARTICLE

Image Steganography in Spatial Domain: Current Status, Techniques, and Trends

Adeeb M. Alhomoud^*

Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, 11673, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Adeeb M. Alhomoud. Email:

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2021, 27(1), 69-88. https://doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2021.014773

Received 15 October 2020; Accepted 01 November 2020; Issue published 07 January 2021

Abstract

This research article provides an up-to-date review of spatial-domain steganography. Maintaining the communication as secure as possible when transmitting secret data through any available communication channels is the target of steganography. Currently, image steganography is the most developed field, with several techniques are provided for different image formats. Therefore, the general image steganography including the fundamental concepts, the terminology, and the applications are highlighted in this paper. Further, the paper depicts the essential characteristics between information hiding and cryptography systems. In addition, recent well-known techniques in the spatial-domain steganography, such as LSB and pixel value differencing, are discussed in detail and several comparisons are provided to show the merits and the demerits of the discussed techniques. Furthermore, to aid the steganography researchers in developing efficient spatial-domain embedding techniques, the future research of the spatial-domain steganography is discussed and a set of recommendations are suggested.

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Citations