Open Access

ARTICLE

Optimization of a Diesel Injector Nozzle

by Yaofei Zhang¹, Guoxiang Li¹, Shuzhan Bai¹, Ke Sun^1,*, Guihua Wang^1,*, Yujie Jia², Zhengxian Fang²

1 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
2 Longkou Longbeng Diesel Injection High Technology Equipment Co., Ltd., Longkou, 265018, China

* Corresponding Authors: Ke Sun. Email: ; Guihua Wang. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences II)

Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023, 19(11), 2933-2951. https://doi.org/10.32604/fdmp.2023.028804

Received 08 January 2023; Accepted 14 March 2023; Issue published 18 September 2023

Abstract

Multiphase simulations based on the VOF (Volume of Fluid) approach, used in synergy with the cavitation Schnerr-Sauer method and the K-Epsilon turbulence model, have been conducted to study the behavior of an injector nozzle as a function of relevant structural parameters (such as the spray hole diameter and length). The related performances have been optimized in the framework of orthogonal experimental design and range analysis methods. As made evident by the results, as the spray hole diameter increases from 0.10 to 0.20 mm, the outlet mass flow rate grows by 243.23%. A small diameter of the spray hole, however, has a beneficial effect in terms of cavitation suppression. Moreover, rounding the spray hole can effectively increase the outlet mass flow rate and improve the flow characteristics while mitigating the cavitation phenomenon inside the spray hole. In particular, with the optimized nozzle design, the outlet mass flow rate can be increased by 13.33%, while the fuel vapor volume is reduced by 33.53%, thereby, leading to significant improvements in terms of flow characteristics and cavitation control.

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Keywords

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