Open Access

EDITORIAL

Foreword International Conference on Materials and Energy (ICOME 2021)

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.8, pp. 2131-2146, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.027329
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The International Conference on Materials and Energy (ICOME) was held in Metz on June 2021 following the earlier successful conferences of the same series held in Tunisia in 2019, Spain in 2018, China in 2017, France in 2016 and Morocco in 2015. The 2021 event should be regarded as a late realization of the ICOME 2020 conferences, which had to be delayed due to the pandemic. A significant number of papers presented in the framework of this conference have been selected for publication in the Fluid Dynamics and Material Processing international peer reviewed Journal given More >

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A Comparative Study of Different Drying Processes for a Deformable Saturated Porous Medium

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 1339-1348, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.022888
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Drying of a deformable saturated porous medium based on convective tempering is a novel method that can enhance energy efficiency and the quality of the dried product itself. In this experimental investigation, the performances of this specific technique are compared with those of a standard stationary drying process in terms of deformation, drying kinetics, moisture redistribution, and energy consumption. In particular, the response of a deformable saturated porous medium (Kaolin) is considered. The results are critically discussed pointing out advantages and drawbacks. More >

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Comparative Study of Two Materials Combining a Standard Building Material with a PCM

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.5, pp. 1283-1290, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.023183
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Phase change materials (PCMs) have the ability to store thermal energy and make it available at a later stage to keep indoor temperature within a specific range and achieve better thermal comfort in buildings. This study focuses on the performances of materials obtained by combining a standard building material with a PCM. In particular, two different materials mixed with the same PCM are considered under the same climatic conditions. The related thermal behavior is assessed in the framework of numerical simulations conducted with ANSYS Fluent assuming parameters representative of a city located in Europe. The More >

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606

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ARTICLE

Effect of an Internal Heat Exchanger on the Performances of a Double Evaporator Ejector Refrigeration Cycle

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.5, pp. 1115-1128, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022674
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract A theoretical investigation is presented about a double evaporator ejector refrigeration cycle (DEERC). Special attention is paid to take into account the influence of the sub-cooling and superheating effects induced by an internal heat exchanger (IHX). The ejector is introduced into the baseline cycle in order to mitigate the throttling process losses and increase the compressor suction pressure. Moreover, the IHX has the structure of a concentric counter-flow type heat exchanger and is intentionally used to ensure that the fluid at the compressor inlet is vapor. To assess accurately the influence of the IHX on More >

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Numerical Investigation of the Thermal Behavior of a System with a Partition Wall Incorporating a Phase Change Material

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.5, pp. 1227-1236, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.022530
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The work deals with the thermal behavior of a conventional partition wall incorporating a phase change material (PCM). The wall separates two environments with different thermal properties. The first one is conditioned, while the adjacent space is characterized by a temperature that changes sinusoidally in time. The effect of the PCM is assessed through a comparative analysis of the cases with and without PCM. The performances are evaluated in terms of dimensionless energy stored within the wall, comfort temperature and variations of these quantities as a function of the amount of PCM and its emplacement. More >

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ARTICLE

On the Combination of Silica Fume and Ceramic Waste for the Sustainable Production of Mortar

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.5, pp. 1083-1090, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021970
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The combined use of silica fume (SF) and ceramic waste (CW) for the production of mortar is studied. Sand is replaced by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of CW while a fixed 5% percentage (% wt of cement) of SF is used. The results show that the best results are obtained by using silica fume and ceramic waste sand with 15% weight of sand and 5% wt of cement. With the addition of sand ceramic waste (SCW), the mortar compressive strength and density increase, while the porosity displays an opposite trend. The experimental analysis is More >

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Numerical Investigation of the Temperature and Flow Fields in a Solar Chimney Power Plant

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 1055-1066, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022677
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract In this work, a parametric two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a solar chimney power plant (a prototype located in Manzanares, Spain) is presented to illustrate the effects of the solar radiation mode in the collector on the plant performances. The simulations rely on a mathematical model that includes solar radiation within the collector; energy storage; air flow and heat transfer, and a turbine. It is based on the Navier-Stokes equation for turbulent flow formulated according to the standard k-ε model. Moreover, the Boussinesq approach is used to account for the fluid density variations. More >

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572

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Performance of a Solar-Biomass Adsorption Chiller

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 1015-1026, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022285
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract A dynamic model is presented for a chiller working with a composite adsorbent (silica activated carbon/CaCl₂)–water pair in a solar-biomass cooling installation. The main objective is determining a link between two possible evaporator configurations and the refrigerator’s performances. The two considered evaporators work at different pressure levels. The related time evolution profiles of temperature, pressure and water content are studied. Moreover, the effects of hot water inlet temperature and cooling water inlet temperature on the specific cooling capacity (SCP) and coefficient of performance (COP) are predicted by means of numerical simulations. The results show that an More >

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Bending and Free Vibration Analysis of Porous-Functionally-Graded (PFG) Beams Resting on Elastic Foundations

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 1043-1054, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022327
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The bending and free vibration of porous functionally graded (PFG) beams resting on elastic foundations are analyzed. The material features of the PFG beam are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness according to the volume fraction of components. The foundation medium is also considered to be linear, homogeneous, and isotropic, and modeled using the Winkler-Pasternak law. The hyperbolic shear deformation theory is applied for the kinematic relations, and the equations of motion are obtained using the Hamilton’s principle. An analytical solution is presented accordingly, assuming that the PFG beam is simply supported. Comparisons with More >

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Numerical Study on the Combined Use of Corten Steel and Phase Change Materials in Container-Type Houses

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 953-958, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022028
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract A study is presented on the feasibility of an approach based on the combination of Phase Change Materials (PCM) with metal walls in container-type houses. This line of research finds its motivations in recent trends in the energy and building sectors about energy consumption reduction. Another important objective concerns possible improvements in the comfort provided by such houses during the summer period. The results obtained through numerical solution of the governing equations accounting for heat transfer and latent heat effects associated with the PCM show that the indoor temperature can be reduced with a varying More >

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611

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Unsteady Heat Transfer in Bilayer, and Three-Layer Materials

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 977-990, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022059
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The heat transfer equation is used to determine the heat flow by conduction through a composite material along the real axis. An analytical dimensionless analysis is implemented in the framework of a separation of variables method (SVM). This approach leads to an Eigenvalues problem that is solved by the Newton’s method. Two types of dynamics are found: An unsteady condition (in the form of jumps or drops in temperatures depending on the considered case), and a permanent equilibrium (tending to the ambient temperature). The validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach for any number of More >

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578

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ARTICLE

Exergo-Environmental Study of a Recent Organic Solar Hybrid Heat Pump

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 991-1001, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022239
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract A hybrid heat pump (compression/absorption) with an integrated thermal photovoltaic unit is studied. The considered working fluids are organic mixtures: R245fa/DMAC and R236fa/DMAC, chosen for their low Global Warming Potential. The main objective is the optimization of energy efficiency in order to minimize the environmental impact through the implementation of a sustainable strategy. It is shown that Exergy Analysis itself is a valuable tool in energy integration. Within the imposed framework of minimizing total annual costs, entropy analysis can be instrumental in determining the optimal plant concept, optimizing energy conversion and use, and improving profitability. More >

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597

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Optimization of a Solar Chimney with a Horizontal Absorber for Building Ventilation: A Case Study

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 901-910, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021973
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract A study is conducted to optimize the geometry of a solar chimney equipped with a horizontal absorber in order to improve its performances in relation to the provision of ventilation. The problem is tackled through numerical solution of the governing equations for mass, momentum and energy in their complete three-dimensional and unsteady formulation. The numerical framework also includes a turbulence model (k-ε) and a radiant heat transfer (DO) model. Moreover, a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is employed to derive the optimal configuration of the considered solar chimney. It is shown that an air velocity of More >

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ARTICLE

Impact of Radiation and Slip on Newtonian Liquid Flow Past a Porous Stretching/Shrinking Sheet in the Presence of Carbon Nanotubes

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 929-939, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021996
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The impacts of radiation, mass transpiration, and volume fraction of carbon nanotubes on the flow of a Newtonian fluid past a porous stretching/shrinking sheet are investigated. For this purpose, three types of base liquids are considered, namely, water, ethylene glycol and engine oil. Moreover, single and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are examined in the analysis. The overall physical problem is modeled using a system of highly nonlinear partial differential equations, which are then converted into highly nonlinear third order ordinary differential equations via a suitable similarity transformation. These equations are solved analytically along with the corresponding More >

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501

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Performance Analysis of a Solar Continuous Adsorption Refrigeration System

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 1067-1081, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021969
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract A study is conducted on the performances of a solar powered continuous-adsorption refrigerator considering two particular days as references cases, namely, the summer solstice (June 21st) and the autumn equinox (September 21st). The cooling capacity, system performance coefficient and the daily rate of available cooling energy are assessed. The main goal is to compare the performances of a solar adsorption chiller equipped with a hot water tank (HWT) with an equivalent system relying on solar collectors with no heat storage module. The daily cooling rates for the solar refrigerator are found to be 102.4 kWh More >

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640

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The Impact of Sun Radiation on the Thermal Comfort in Highly Glazed Buildings Equipped with Floor Heating Systems

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 941-951, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.022029
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Occupants of highly glazed buildings often suffer from thermal discomfort during the mid-seasons when no shadings are used in such buildings, especially when inertial heating systems are used. The present study is devoted to evaluating the impact of long solar beam exposure on the internal thermal discomfort in glazed spaces when heating is implemented through a floor system. A comprehensive experimental study is carried out using an experimental bi-climatic chamber which is fully monitored and controlled, allowing realistic simulations of the dynamic movement of the sun patch on a heated slab. The findings show that More >

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679

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Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles with Zeotropic Working Fluids

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.3, pp. 593-601, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022524
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Waste heat recovery is one of the possible solutions to improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines. Instead of wasting the exhaust stream of an energy conversion system into the environment, its residual energy content can be usefully recovered, for example in Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC). This technology has been largely consolidated in stationary power plants but not yet for mobile applications, such as road transport, due to the limitations in the layout and to the constraints on the size and weight of the ORC system. An ORC system installed on the exhaust line of… More >

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Determination of the Postmortem Interval Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.3, pp. 831-844, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022162
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are often used in monitoring activities and to ensure that environmental parameters satisfy industrial requirements. They offer crucial safety measures in the early detection of hazards due to their greatly reduced size, low weight, flexibility, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. These characteristics make FBGs suitable also for use in relation to the human body for in vivo measurements and long-term monitoring. In this study, recent developments are presented with regard to the utilization of these sensors to measure the so-called post-mortem interval (PMI). Such developments rely on numerical simulations based on More >

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A Variational Multiscale Method for Particle Dispersion Modeling in the Atmosphere

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.3, pp. 743-753, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021848
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract A LES model is proposed to predict the dispersion of particles in the atmosphere in the context of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) applications. The code relies on the Finite Element Method (FEM) for both the fluid and the dispersed solid phases. Starting from the Navier-Stokes equations and a general description of the FEM strategy, the Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) method is formulated putting some emphasis on the related assembly matrix and stabilization coefficients. Then, the Variational Multiscale Method (VMS) is presented together with a detailed illustration of its algorithm and hierarchy of computational More >

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794

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Experimental Testing of Cellular Construction Materials Containing Flax Particles

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.3, pp. 723-741, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021841
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The feasibility of a sustainable non-autoclaved cellular concrete, based on flax vegetable co-products, for the production of usable specimen in the lightweight construction field, has been investigated experimentally. The produced specimen, containing various volume ratios of flax particles with respect to preformulatd Tradical PF70 lime binder of 0, 1, and 2, were lightened by creating a porous structure in the matrix through the addition of 0.3% wt. Aluminium powder (able to react with calcium hydroxide from the binder and result in microscopic air-bubbles). Fresh and hardened specimen properties, including hydration, fresh density, porosity, hardened density,… More >

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Numerical Study of Natural Convective Heat Transfer in an Air Filled Square Cavity Heated from Below and Symmetrically Cooled from the Sides with a Partition in the Hot Wall

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 513-539, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021974
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract A two-dimensional numerical study of laminar natural convection in a square enclosure filled with air with a wall partially heated on the bottom is presented. The heat source is located on the lower wall with different heated widths varied from 20 to 80%(ε = 0.2–0.8) of the total width of the lower wall and different heights h = H/4 and H/2 of the partition. The effect of the partition height on the main system dynamics is investigated through solution of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations and the energy equation by means of a finite volume method More >

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Plus Energy Buildings: A Numerical Case Study

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.1, pp. 117-134, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022151
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The feasibility of Plus Energy Building for a sample relevant case is investigated. After a literature review aimed to identify key aspects of this type of buildings, a preliminary evaluation of the thermal performance of a building constructed using conventional material is presented together with a parametric analysis of the impact of typical influential parameters. Solar domestic hot water (SDHW) and photovoltaic systems (PV) are considered in the study. Numerical simulations indicate that for the examined sample case (Beirut in Lebanon) the total annual energy need of conventional building is 87.1 kWh/y.m² . About 49% of More >

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722

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A Methodology to Reduce Thermal Gradients Due to the Exothermic Reactions in Resin Transfer Molding Applications

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.1, pp. 95-103, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.022014
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Resin transfer molding (RTM) is among the most used manufacturing processes for composite parts. Initially, the resin cure is initiated by heat supply to the mold. The supplementary heat generated during the reaction can cause thermal gradients in the composite, potentially leading to undesired residual stresses which can cause shrinkage and warpage. In the present numerical study of these processes, a one-dimensional finite difference method is used to predict the temperature evolution and the degree of cure in the course of the resin polymerization; the effect of some parameters on the thermal gradient is then More >

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1015

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Numerical Study on the Resin Transfer Molding Curing Process for Thick Composites Materials

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.1, pp. 223-232, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.021976
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The successful manufacture of thick composites is challenging since the highly exothermic nature of thermoset resins and limited temperature control make avoiding the onset of detrimental thermal gradients within the composite relatively difficult. This phenomenon is mainly caused by exothermic heat reactions. The so-called Michaud's model has been largely used in the literature to reduce the gap between experience and simulation with regard to the effective prediction of the temperature cycle in these processes. In this work, another solution is proposed to simulate the curing process for thick composites, namely preheating the resin to activate More >

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701

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Elaboration of a Road Material Based on Clayey Soil and Crushed Sand

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1595-1605, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022434
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract To contribute to the enhancement of unconventional local materials used for road construction, this study characterizes a crushed sand 0/5, a clayey soil and the litho-stabilized material without and with hydraulic binder and determines their use in accordance with some reference specifications (CEBTP 1984). It is shown that the different components are not usable alone in pavement base. Indeed, the plasticity index obtained for the clayey soil is 21%, a value higher than the imposed standards. In addition, the grading of the 0/5 crushed sand does not fit into the range proposed by CEBTP. A… More >

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Feasibility Study for a Hybrid Power Plant (PV-Wind-Diesel-Storage) Connected to the Electricity Grid

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1607-1617, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.023199
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract In this work, we present a feasibility study for a new hybrid power plant (PV-Wind-Diesel-Storage) directly connected to the electrical grid. Several simulations are performed to verify the performance of the hybrid system under different scenarios using real meteorological data. It is shown that the performances of the hybrid system connected to the electrical network depend obviously on the available energy resources and constraints because the renewable energies are intermittent. In addition, the price of the kWh of electricity supplied by the hybrid system is determined, which amounts to $0.209/kWh, which is very cost effective More >

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Turbulent Double-Diffusive Natural Convection and Entropy Generation within an Inclined Square Cavity

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1619-1629, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022220
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The present study deals with double-diffusive convection within a two-dimensional inclined cavity filled with an air-CO₂ binary gas mixture. The left and the right vertical walls are differentially heated and subjected to different locations of (CO₂) contaminants to allow for the variation of the buoyancy strength (N). However, the horizontal walls are assumed adiabatic. The simulations are conducted using the finite volume method to solve the conservation equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and species transport. Good agreement with other numerical results in the literature is obtained. The effect of multiple parameters, namely, buoyancy ratio (N), thermal More >

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A Solvation Model for Performance Enhancement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1569-1579, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022091
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract A solubility model for Merocyanine-540 dye together with the interface's electron transfer kinetics of MC-540/TiO₂ has been investigated (Merocyanine 540-based dye has been used effectively in dye-sensitized solar cells). The highest absorption peaks were recorded at 489 nm and 493 nm in Water and Ethanol solvent, versus the vacuum phase which yielded 495 nm (associated with a modest electron injection-free energy value (ΔGinj) of -2.34 eV for both Water and Ethanol solvents). The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method approach has been applied in this simulation. Additionally, the electronic structure and simulated UV-Vis spectra of the More >

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Characterization of the Omni-Processor Sewage Sludge Ash for Reuse as Construction Material

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1581-1593, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022165
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Omni Processors (OP) are machines which use sludge as a fuel to generate electricity and clean water, but create ash at the same time. In the present study, fly ash and bottom ash are investigated as materials for potential reuse in the construction field. First, the granular size, density and Blaine finesse are determined. Then, the chemical composition and microstructure are obtained by means of X-ray fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), respectively. Finally, ashes reactivity is determined by two chemical methods (modified Chapelle test, bound water content R3) and a mechanical method More >

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859

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Comparative Analysis of the Measured and Simulated Performances of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power Plant

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1805-1813, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022095
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The present study comparing actual data and simulated parameters was carried out using the PVsyst software for a 5.94 KWp grid-connected photovoltaic system, consisting of three types of mono-Si (2.04 KWp), poly-Si (2.04 KWp) and amorphous-Si (1.86 KWp) photovoltaic panels and a weather station. The research is based on data collected for one year (2020) of energy production Simulations were performed using long-term meteorological data generated by NASA and on-site measurement. A comparison of evaluated monthly and annually performance elements has also been considered: Eac, PR, FC. As shown by the results, each photovoltaic technology More >

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Optimal Experiment Design for the Identification of the Interfacial Heat Transfer Coefficient in Sand Casting

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1841-1852, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022060
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) is one of the main input parameters required by casting simulation software. It plays an important role in the accurate modeling of the solidification process. However, its value is not easily identifiable by means of experimental methods requiring temperature measurements during the solidification process itself. For these reasons, an optimal experiment design was performed in this study to determine the optimal position for the temperature measurement and the optimal thickness of the rectangular cast iron part. This parameter was identified using an inverse technique. In particular, two different algorithms… More >

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Numerical Simulation of a Granular Flow on a Smooth Inclined Plane

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1631-1638, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021975
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Unlike most fluids, granular materials include coexisting solid, liquid or gaseous regions, which produce a rich variety of complex flows. Dense flows of grains driven by gravity down inclines occur in nature and in industrialprocesses. To describe the granular flow on an inclined surface, several studies were carried out. We can cite in particular the description of Saint-Venant which considers a dry granular flow, without cohesion and it only takes into account the substance-substrate friction, this model proposes a simplified form of the granular flow, which depends on the one side on the angle of… More >

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An Accurate Dynamic Forecast of Photovoltaic Energy Generation

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1683-1698, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022051
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The accurate forecast of the photovoltaic generation (PVG) process is essential to develop optimum installation sizing and pragmatic energy planning and management. This paper proposes a PVG forecast model for a PVG/Battery installation. The forecasting strategy is built on a Medium-Term Energy Forecasting (MTEF) approach refined dynamically every hour (Dynamic Medium-Term Energy Forecasting (DMTEF)) and adjusted by means of a Short-Term Energy Forecasting (STEF) strategy. The MTEF predicts the generated energy for a day ahead based on the PVG of the last 15 days. As for STEF, it is a combination between PVG Short-Term (ST) More >

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Modeling the Unsteady Flow of a Newtonian Fluid Originating from the Hole of an Open Cylindrical Reservoir

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1737-1748, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022047
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract This work deals with the modeling of the unsteady Newtonian fluid flow associated with an open cylindrical reservoir. This reservoir presents a hole on the right bottom wall. Fluid volume variation, heat and mass transfers are neglected. The unsteady governing equations are based on the conservation of mass and momentum. A finite volume technique is used to solve the non-dimensional equations and related boundary conditions. The algebraic system of equations resulting from the discretization process are solved by means of the THOMAS algorithm. For pressure-velocity coupling, the SIMPLE algorithm (Semi Implicit Method for Pressure Linked More >

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656

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The Effect of Swirl Intensity on the Flow Behavior and Combustion Characteristics of a Lean Propane-Air Flame

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1749-1762, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022006
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The effect of swirl number (Sn) on the flow behavior and combustion characteristics of a lean premixed propane Flame Ф = 0.5 in a swirl burner configuration was numerically verified in this study. Two-dimensional numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS-Fluent software. For turbulence closure, a standard K-ε turbulence model was applied. The turbulence-chemistry interaction scheme was modeled using the Finite Rate-Eddy Dissipation hybrid model (FR/EDM) with a reduced three-step reaction mechanism. The P1 radiation model was used for the flame radiation inside the combustion chamber. Four different swirl numbers were selected (0, 0.72, 1.05, and… More >

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Tuning the Spatially Controlled Growth, Structural Self-Organizing and Cluster-Assembling of the Carbyne-Enriched Nano-Matrix during Ion-Assisted Pulse-Plasma Deposition

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1763-1779, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022016
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Carbyne-enriched nanomaterials are of current interest in nanotechnology-related applications. The properties of these nanomaterials greatly depend on their production process. In particular, structural self-organization and auto-synchronization of nanostructures are typical phenomena observed during the growth and heteroatom-doping of carbyne-enriched nanostructured metamaterials by the ion-assisted pulse-plasma deposition method. Accordingly, fine tuning of these processes may be seen as the key step to the predictive designing of carbyne-enriched nano-matrices with improved properties. In particular, we propose an innovative concept, connected with application of the vibrational-acoustic effects and based on universal Cymatics mechanisms. These effects are used to More >

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REVIEW

Anomaly Detection in Textured Images with a Convolutional Neural Network for Quality Control of Micrometric Woven Meshes

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1639-1648, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021726
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Industrial woven meshes are composed of metal materials and are often used in construction, industrial and residential activities or applications. The objective of this work is defect detection in industrial fabrics in the quality control stage. In order to overcome the limitations of manual methods, which are often tedious and time-consuming, we propose a strategy that can automatically detect defects in micrometric steel meshes by means of a Convolutional Neural Network. The database used for such a purpose comes from real problem data for anomaly detection in micrometric woven meshes. This detection is performed through More >

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Thermomechanical Characterization of a Bio-Sourced Material Based on Clay and Alfa Fibers

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1853-1863, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022531
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Bio-based materials are of great interest owing to their abundance and the immense potential they display as an ideal alternative to widely used industrial construction materials (that directly and indirectly harm the environment). In this scope, an in-depth experimental study is presented here on clay-based materials aimed to enhance their properties through the addition of other bio-based components such as fibers, in the present case alfa fiber. The thermal conductivity and mechanical properties (compressive and flexural tensile strengths) of the composite clay-alfa material are analyzed with the percentage of alfa fiber in the matrix ranging More >

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Thermographic Observation of High-Frequency Ethanol Droplet Train Impingement on Heated Aluminum and Glass Surfaces

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.6, pp. 1711-1718, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021792
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The present study considers the impingement of a train of ethanol droplets on heated aluminum and glass surfaces. The surface temperature is allowed to vary in the interval 140°C–240°C. Impingement is considered with an inclination of 63 degrees. The droplet diameter is 0.2 mm in both aluminum and glass surface experiments. Thermal gradients are observed with a thermographic camera. It is found that in comparison to glass, the aluminum surface displays very small liquid accumulations and better evaporation performance due to its higher thermal conductivity. The relatively low thermal conductivity of glass results in higher More >

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Thermodynamic Investigation of a Solar Energy Cogeneration Plant Using an Organic Rankine Cycle in Supercritical Conditions

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1243-1251, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021831
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract In the present work, a novel Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) configuration is used for a low-grade heat source cogeneration plant. An investigation is conducted accordingly into the simultaneous production of electricity and cold. The proposed configuration relies on concentrated solar power (as heat source) and ambient air (for cooling). Furthermore, two gas ejectors are added to the system in order to optimize the thermodynamic efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle. The results show that the thermodynamic and geometric parameters related to these ejectors have an important effect on the overall system performances. In order to More >

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Numerical Study of Temperature and Electric Field Effects on the Total Optical Absorption Coefficient in the Presence of Optical Inter-Conduction-Subband Transitions in InGaN/GaN Single Parabolic Quantum Wells

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1253-1261, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021759
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract In this paper, we theoretically investigate the total optical coefficient (TOAC) considering 1S-2P and 2S-2P conduction subband transitions in a single parabolic quantum well (SPQW) with an on-center hydrogen-like impurity. Within the framework of the effective-mass approximation, the Schrödinger equation is solved numerically to obtain the eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors using the finite difference method. The calculations are performed for finite confinement potential height, taking into account the dielectric and effective mass mismatches between GaN and InGaN materials under the considered electric field and temperature effects. The temperature dependence of the effective mass, dielectric… More >

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Modeling of the Photovoltaic Module Operating Temperature for Various Weather Conditions in the Tropical Region

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1275-1284, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021972
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The operating temperature is a critical factor affecting the performances of photovoltaic (PV) modules. In this work, relevant models are proposed for the prediction of this operating temperature using data (ambient temperature and solar irradiance) based on real measurements conducted in the tropical region. For each weather condition (categorized according to irradiance and temperature levels), the temperatures of the PV modules obtained using the proposed approach is compared with the corresponding experimentally measured value. The results show that the proposed models have a smaller Root Mean Squared Error than other models developed in the literature More >

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Towards the Development of Mechanical Systems Entirely Based on Natural Materials

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1285-1292, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021803
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract In order to mitigate the risks stemming from the utilization of mineral and synthetic organic substances, consensus exists in the literature that additional efforts should be devoted to the identification of adequate equivalent natural (ecological) materials. This work presents the outcomes of a preliminary study where the physical, mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of natural fibers have been considered. Initially, areca, and materials such as Moroccan doum and jute are considered. As a case study, a brake pad based on natural fibers is critically assessed. More >

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Effect of Hole Configuration on Heat Transfer through a Hollow Block Subjected to Solar Flux

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1339-1348, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021564
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract In this paper, some effort is provided to optimize the geometry of a concrete hollow brick (used in the construction of building roofs) in order to increase the related thermal resistance, thereby reducing energy consumption. The analysis is conducted for three different configurations of the hollow concrete bricks. Coupling of conduction, natural convection and thermal radiation phenomena is considered. Moreover, the flows are assumed to be laminar and two-dimensional for the whole range of parameters examined. The conservation equations are solved by a finite difference method based on the control volumes approach and the SIMPLE More >

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Numerical Study of Natural Convection in an Inclined Porous Cavity

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1389-1397, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021619
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Two-dimensional transient laminar natural convection in a square cavity containing a porous medium and inclined at an angle of 30∘ is investigated numerically. The vertical walls are differentially heated, and the horizontal walls are adiabatic. The effect of Rayleigh number on heat transfer and on the road to chaos is analyzed. The natural heat transfer and the Darcy Brinkman equations are solved by using a finite volume method and a Tri Diagonal Matrix Algorithm (TDMA). The results are obtained for a porosity equal to 0.45, a Darcy number and a Prandtl respectively equal to 10⁻³ and More >

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Coupled Conductive-Convective-Radiative Heat Transfer in Hollow Blocks with Two Air Cells in the Vertical Direction Subjected to an Incident Solar Flux

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1399-1407, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021760
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract This work presents the results of a set of steady-state numerical simulations about heat transfer in hollow blocks in the presence of coupled natural convection, conduction and radiation. Blocks with two air cells deep in the vertical direction and three identical cavities in the horizontal direction are considered (typically used for building ceilings). Moreover, their outside horizontal surface is subjected to an incident solar flux and outdoor environment temperature while the inside surface is exposed to typical indoor environment conditions. The flows are considered laminar and two-dimensional over the whole range of parameters examined. The More >

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Effects of Chemical Treatment on the Physical Properties of Typha

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1409-1418, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021968
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Plant-based concretes are produced from plant aggregates and a binder. Plant fibers are mainly composed of saccharides (sugars) and these sugars can decrease the concentration of Ca²⁺ ions in the cement pore solution and delay the formation of hydration products. To improve the interfacial bond between fibers and matrix a chemical treatment is widely used. This study investigates the effect of sodium hydroxide treatment on physical and hygroscopic properties of Typha aggregates. In particular, a 5% sodium hydroxide solution is used to treat these aggregates and their bulk and absolute densities, porosity, water content and water More >

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Comparison of Ashes Produced in a Biomass Moving Grate Boiler by Wood Chips and Sewage Sludge

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1419-1425, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021753
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract One option to fight global warming is to convert our use of fossil energy into renewables such as biomass energy. However, the forest preservation and the quality of the ambient air are also two major issues. Therefore, the use of biomass waste without any supplementary emissions could represent a part of the solution. In this study, two fuels were considered for a 200 kW moving grate boiler. A multicyclone and a bag filter were fitted on the boiler. The first fuel consisted of classical wood chips whereas the second was a mixture of wood chips… More >

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Production of Wood Fibers from Thermally Treated Wood

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1427-1439, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.022057
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The reduction of the hygroscopicity of wood fibers was investigated through a Thermal Treatment (TT) on wood chips performed before the defibering process. The TT and defibering tests were both carried out on a continuous pilot at semi-industrial scale. The thermal treatment study of wood chips, equivalent to a low temperature pyrolysis, was achieved for four conditions (280°C–320°C) for a duration of 10 min. Mass quantification of solids, condensables and gases (FTIR) at the outcome of the thermal treatment allowed to achieve the mass balances for each condition. The increase of the reactor temperature from… More >

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Analysis of Lateritic Soil Reinforced with Palm Kernel Shells for Use as a Sub-Base Layer for Low-Traffic Roads

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1469-1482, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021902
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract In tropical areas, palm oil production generates significant amounts of waste, including palm kernel shells. The use of this waste in the civil engineering sector, presents a very challenging task. In the present study, the production of lateritic soil (A-2 in GTR classification and A-7-6 (9) in HRB classification) reinforced with palm kernel shells is considered. In order to improve their performances, these materials are mixed using the Fuller’s parabolic law. Moreover, experimental tests are used to characterize the physical and mechanical geotechnical properties of the lateritic soil. After characterizing the matrix (i.e., lateritic soil)… More >

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Application of an Artificial Neural Network Method for the Prediction of the Tube-Side Fouling Resistance in a Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchanger

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1511-1519, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021925
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The accumulation of undesirable deposits on the heat exchange surface represents a critical issue in industrial heat exchangers. Taking experimental measurements of the fouling is relatively difficult and, often, this method does not lead to precise results. To overcome these problems, in the present study, a new approach based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to predict the fouling resistance as a function of specific measurable variables in the phosphoric acid concentration process. These include: the phosphoric acid inlet and outlet temperatures, the steam temperature, the phosphoric acid density, the phosphoric acid volume… More >

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Experimental Electromagnetic Characterization of High Temperature Superconductors Coils Located in Proximity to Electromagnetically Active Materials

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1529-1537, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021827
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The electromagnetic properties of high temperature superconductors (HTS) are characterized with the explicit intent to improve their integration in electric power systems. A tape and a coil made of Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide (BSCCO) are considered in the presence of electromagnetically active materials in order to mimic properly the electromagnetic environment typical of electrical machines. The characterization consists of the determining the critical current and the AC losses at different values of the frequency and the transport current. The effects induced by the proximity of the active materials are studied and some related experimental More >

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Thermal Analysis of Melting Occurring Inside a Finned Rectangular Enclosure Equipped with Discrete Pulsed Protruding Heat Sources

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1539-1549, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021839
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract This paper numerically investigates the effect of the location of a horizontal fin on the melting of a phase change material (PCM) inside a rectangular enclosure heated by multiple discrete pulsed protruding heat sources. The fin and the phase change material filling the enclosure store the thermal energy extracted from the heat sources, in sensible and latent forms. The heat sources are assumed to simulate electronic components undergoing a superheating technical issue. By extracting heat from the electronics, the PCM plays the role of a heat sink. To analyze the thermal behavior and predict the… More >

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Navier Slip and Heat Transfer in a Nanofluid Due to a Stretching/Shrinking Sheet: An Analytical Study

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1551-1567, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021949
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract This paper is devoted to the analysis of the heat transfer and Navier’s slip effects in a non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid flowing past a stretching/shrinking sheet. The nanoparticles, namely, Cu and Al₂O₃ are used with a water-based fluid with Prandtl number 6.272. Velocity slip flow is assumed to occur when the characteristic size of the flow system is small or the flow pressure is very small. By using the similarity transformations, the governing nonlinear PDEs are turned into ordinary differential equations (ODE’s). Analytical results are presented and analyzed for various values of physical parameters: Prandtl number, Radiation… More >

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Hydrodynamic Pattern Investigation of Ethanol Droplet Train Impingement on Heated Aluminum Surface

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1331-1338, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021793
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Steady-state hydrodynamic patterns of ethanol droplet train impingement on the heated aluminum surface is investigated in the surface temperature range of 80°C–260°C using two different Weber numbers (We) of 618 and 792. Instead of a vertical train impingement, the droplet train is sent to the aluminum surface with an incline of 63 degrees. Changes in the spreading length are observed at different surface temperatures for two different We values, which are obtained by using two different pinholes with 100 and 150 μm diameters. The greatest spreading length is seen at the lowest surface temperature (80°C) More >

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Simulation of the Hygrothermal Behavior of a Building Envelope Based on Phase Change Materials and a Bio-Based Concrete

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1483-1494, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021917
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have high thermal inertia, and hemp concrete (HC), a bio-based concrete, has strong hygroscopic behavior. In previous studies, PCM has been extensively combined with many materials, however, most of these studies focused on thermal properties while neglecting hygroscopic aspects. In this study, the two materials have been combined into a building envelope and the related hygrothermal properties have been studied. In particular, numerical studies have been performed to investigate the temperature and relative humidity behavior inside the HC, and the effect of adding PCM on the hygrothermal behavior of the HC.… More >

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Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Buoyancy Ratio and Dufour Parameter on Thermosolutal Convection in a Square Salt Gradient Solar Pond

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1319-1329, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021500
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract This work aims to investigate numerically the influence of the buoyancy ratio and the Dufour parameter on thermosolutal convection in a square Salt Gradient Solar Pond (SGSP). The absorption of solar radiation by the saline water, the heat losses and the wind effects via the SGSP free surface are considered. The mathematical model is based on the Navier-Stokes equations used in synergy with the thermal energy equation. These equations are solved using the finite volume method and the Gauss algorithm. Velocity-pressure coupling is implemented through the SIMPLE algorithm. Simulations of the SGSP are performed for… More >

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An Investigation into the Behavior of Non-Isodense Particles in Chaotic Thermovibrational Flow

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.3, pp. 497-510, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.020248
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2021)
Abstract The ability to control the distribution of particles in a fluid is generally regarded as a factor of great importance in a variety of fields (manufacturing processes, biomedical applications, materials engineering and various particle separation processes, to cite a few). The present study considers the hitherto not yet addressed situation in which solid spherical particles are dispersed in a non-isothermal fluid undergoing turbulent vibrationally-induced convection (chaotic thermovibrational flow in a square cavity due to vibrations perpendicular to the imposed temperature difference). Although the possibility to use laminar thermovibrational flows (in microgravity) and turbulent flows of More >

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