Open Access

REVIEW

Hydrogen Energy Storage System: Review on Recent Progress

by Millenium Wong¹, Hadi Nabipour Afrouzi^2,*

1 Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, Kuching, Sarawak, 93350, Malaysia
2 College of Engineering, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, West Midlands, England, B4 7XG, UK

* Corresponding Author: Hadi Nabipour Afrouzi. Email:

Energy Engineering 2025, 122(1), 1-39. https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2024.056707

Received 29 July 2024; Accepted 27 September 2024; Issue published 27 December 2024

Abstract

A hydrogen energy storage system (HESS) is one of the many rising modern green innovations, using excess energy to generate hydrogen and storing it for various purposes. With that, there have been many discussions about commercializing HESS and improving it further. However, the design and sizing process can be overwhelming to comprehend with various sources to examine, and understanding optimal design methodologies is crucial to optimize a HESS design. With that, this review aims to collect and analyse a wide range of HESS studies to summarise recent studies. Two different collections of studies are studied, one was sourced by the main author for preliminary readings, and another was obtained via VOSViewer. The findings from the Web of Science platform were also examined for a more comprehensive understanding. Major findings include the People’s Republic of China has been active in HESS research, as most works and active organizations originate from this country. HESS has been mainly researched to support power generation and balance load demands, with financial analysis being the common scope of analysis. MATLAB is a common tool used for HESS design, modelling, and optimization as it can handle complex calculations. Artificial neural network (ANN) has the potential to be used to model the HESS, but additional review is required as a form of future work. From a commercialization perspective, pressurized hydrogen tanks are ideal for hydrogen storage in a HESS, but other methods can be considered after additional research and development. From this review, it can be implied that modelling works will be the way forward for HESS research, but extensive collaborations and additional review are needed. Overall, this review summarized various takeaways that future research works on HESS can use.

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Keywords

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