Open Access

ARTICLE

Optimizing Biodiesel Production from Karanja and Algae Oil with Nano Catalyst: RSM and ANN Approach

Sujeet Kesharvani¹, Sakhi Katre¹, Suyasha Pandey¹, Gaurav Dwivedi^1,*, Tikendra Nath Verma², Prashant Baredar¹

1 Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462003, India
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462003, India

* Corresponding Author: Gaurav Dwivedi. Email:

Energy Engineering 2024, 121(9), 2363-2388. https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2024.052523

Received 04 April 2024; Accepted 12 July 2024; Issue published 19 August 2024

Abstract

This study delves into biodiesel synthesis from non-edible oils and algae oil sources using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to optimize biodiesel yield. Blend of C. vulgaris and Karanja oils is utilized, aiming to reduce free fatty acid content to 1% through single-step transesterification. Optimization reveals peak biodiesel yield conditions: 1% catalyst quantity, 91.47 min reaction time, 56.86°C reaction temperature, and 8.46:1 methanol to oil molar ratio. The ANN model outperforms RSM in yield prediction accuracy. Environmental impact assessment yields an E-factor of 0.0251 at maximum yield, indicating responsible production with minimal waste. Economic analysis reveals significant cost savings: 30%–50% reduction in raw material costs by using non-edible oils, 10%–15% increase in production efficiency, 20% reduction in catalyst costs, and 15%–20% savings in energy consumption. The optimized process reduces waste disposal costs by 10%–15%, enhancing overall economic viability. Overall, the widespread adoption of biodiesel offers economic, environmental, and social benefits to a diverse range of stakeholders, including farmers, producers, consumers, governments, environmental organizations, and the transportation industry. Collaboration among these stakeholders is essential for realizing the full potential of biodiesel as a sustainable energy solution.

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