Open Access

ARTICLE

Heuristic-Based Optimal Load Frequency Control with Offsite Backup Controllers in Interconnected Microgrids

by Aijia Ding, Tingzhang Liu^*

School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China

* Corresponding Author: Tingzhang Liu. Email:

Energy Engineering 2024, 121(12), 3735-3759. https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2024.054687

Received 05 June 2024; Accepted 18 August 2024; Issue published 22 November 2024

Abstract

The primary factor contributing to frequency instability in microgrids is the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources. This paper introduces novel dual-backup controllers utilizing advanced fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controllers to enhance frequency and tie-line power stability in microgrids amid increasing renewable energy integration. To improve load frequency control, the proposed controllers are applied to a two-area interconnected microgrid system incorporating diverse energy sources, such as wind turbines, photovoltaic cells, diesel generators, and various storage technologies. A novel meta-heuristic algorithm is adopted to select the optimal parameters of the proposed controllers. The efficacy of the advanced FOPID controllers is demonstrated through comparative analyses against traditional proportional integral derivative (PID) and FOPID controllers, showcasing superior performance in managing system fluctuations. The optimization algorithm is also evaluated against other artificial intelligent methods for parameter optimization, affirming the proposed solution’s efficiency. The robustness of the intelligent controllers against system uncertainties is further validated under extensive power disturbances, proving their capability to maintain grid stability. The dual-controller configuration ensures redundancy, allowing them to operate as mutual backups, enhancing system reliability. This research underlines the importance of sophisticated control strategies for future-proofing microgrid operations against the backdrop of evolving energy landscapes.

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Keywords

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