Open Access

REVIEW

Progress on Platinum-Based Catalyst Layer Materials for H-PEMFC

by Stefanos Tzelepis^*, Kosmas A. Kavadias

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Soft Energy Applications & Environmental Protection, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece

* Corresponding Author: Stefanos Tzelepis. Email:

Energy Engineering 2022, 119(5), 1745-1769. https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2022.020984

Received 22 December 2021; Accepted 14 April 2022; Issue published 21 July 2022

Abstract

The constant increase in energy demand and related environmental issues have made fuel cells an attractive technology as an alternative to conventional energy technologies. Like any technology, fuel cells face drawbacks that scientific society has been focused on to improve and optimize the overall technology. Thus, the cost is the main inhibitor for this technology due to the significantly high cost of the materials used in catalyst layers. The current discussion mainly focuses on the fundamental electrochemical half-cell reaction of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that are taking place in the catalyst layers consisting of Platinum-based and Platinum-non noble metals. For this purpose, studies from the literature are presented and analyzed by highlighting and comparing the variations on the catalytic activity within the experimental catalyst layers and the conventional ones. Furthermore, an economic analysis of the main platinum group metals (PGMs) such as Platinum, Palladium and Ruthenium is introduced by presenting the economic trends for the last decade.

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