Open Access

ARTICLE

Development of Vehicle-to-Grid System to Regulate the System Parameters of Microgrid

by Om Prakash Mahela¹, Baseem Khan^2,*, Rupendra Kumar Pachauri³

1 Power System Planning Division, Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam, Ltd., Vidyut Bhawan, Japur, India
2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
3 Electrical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India

* Corresponding Author: Baseem Khan. Email:

Energy Engineering 2022, 119(4), 1261-1298. https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2022.018913

Received 24 August 2021; Accepted 11 November 2021; Issue published 23 May 2022

Abstract

This paper proposes a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system interfaced with a microgrid that is effective at regulating frequency on a microgrid over a 24-h cycle. A microgrid is designed and divided into four components. The first component is a diesel generator, which is used to act as the base power generator. The second component consists of renewable energy (RE) power plants, which include solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind plants. The third component is a V2G system. The last component is the load connected to the microgrid. A microgrid is designed to be of sufficient size to represent a community of one thousand households during the day period of low consumption in the spring or fall seasons. A hundred electric vehicles (EVs) are modeled as base models to realize a 1:10 ratio for cars to households, which indicates a possible scenario in the near future. Detailed analysis of the active power, reactive power, voltage, frequency, and current is carried out. It is established that the proposed design of the V2G and microgrid effectively maintains system parameters such as frequency and voltage within permissible limits with an error of less than 1%. Further, transient deviations in these parameters are limited to within 5%. A microgrid with V2G devices regulates the system frequency by mitigating load demand through coordinated control of conventional generation, solar PV plant generation, wind plant generation, power exchange with the microgrid network, and electric vehicles. The proposed microgrid and V2G are efficient for energy management and mitigation of intermittency and variability of RE power with improved performance. Variations in system parameters have been investigated by changing the operating scenario, and it has been determined that the error is limited to less than 5%. The study is effectively realized in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

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