Open Access

ARTICLE

Solar Thermal Heating and Freeze Concentration for Non-Centrifugal Sugar Production: Design and Performance Analysis

Louis Francois Marie^1,*, Sunkara Prudhvi Raj², Policherla Venkata Sai³, Tara MacLeod¹, Morapakala Srinivas², K. Srinivas Reddy³, Tadhg Seán O’Donovan⁴

1 Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad, India
3 Heat Transfer and Thermal Power Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
4 Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

* Corresponding Author: Louis Francois Marie. Email:

Energy Engineering 2020, 117(5), 323-342. https://doi.org/10.32604/EE.2020.011035

Received 15 April 2020; Accepted 03 July 2020; Issue published 07 September 2020

Abstract

Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS), known as Jaggery, is a form of unre- fined sugar which contains molasses. The integration of renewable energy resources in the production of NCS, have been analysed. The work investigates the energy requirements of a system incorporating a freeze-concentrator and a solar thermal heater to reduce the reliance on the combustion of bagasse or other fuels in a Jaggery production process. Depending on the extent to which freeze concentration can be incorporated into the process, results show that the minimum theoretical energy required to produce Jaggery can be reduced by 91.30% overall. Although difficult in practice, this theoretical analysis demonstrates that the integration of freeze concentration close to the eutectic limit of concentration has significant advantages. For optimal configuration and ideal operation of the system the analysis reports a requirement of approximately 3.8 MJ to produce a kilogram of Jaggery from cane juice. When typical process efficiencies (furnace, boiling pan, solar thermal collector, and chiller) are included, the energy required ranged from 4.8–5.2 MJ/ kg Jaggery. This represents a potential energy saving in excess of 38 MJ/kg Jaggery and a fuel saving of more than 2 kg of bagasse/kg of Jaggery produced.

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