Open Access

ARTICLE

Optimization of Quantum Cost for Low Energy Reversible Signed/Unsigned Multiplier Using Urdhva-Tiryakbhyam Sutra

Marwa A. Elmenyawi^1,2,*, Radwa M. Tawfeek¹

1 Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University Benha, Egypt
2 Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport-Arab League Cairo, Egypt

* Corresponding Authors: Marwa A. Elmenyawi. Email: ,

Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2023, 46(2), 1827-1844. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2023.036474

Received 01 October 2022; Accepted 14 December 2022; Issue published 09 February 2023

Abstract

One of the elementary operations in computing systems is multiplication. Therefore, high-speed and low-power multipliers design is mandatory for efficient computing systems. In designing low-energy dissipation circuits, reversible logic is more efficient than irreversible logic circuits but at the cost of higher complexity. This paper introduces an efficient signed/unsigned 4 × 4 reversible Vedic multiplier with minimum quantum cost. The Vedic multiplier is considered fast as it generates all partial product and their sum in one step. This paper proposes two reversible Vedic multipliers with optimized quantum cost and garbage output. First, the unsigned Vedic multiplier is designed based on the Urdhava Tiryakbhyam (UT) Sutra. This multiplier consists of bitwise multiplication and adder compressors. Compared with Vedic multipliers in the literature, the proposed design has a quantum cost of 111 with a reduction of 94% compared to the previous design. It has a garbage output of 30 with optimization of the best-compared design. Second, the proposed unsigned multiplier is expanded to allow the multiplication of signed numbers as well as unsigned numbers. Two signed Vedic multipliers are presented with the aim of obtaining more optimization in performance parameters. DesignI has separate binary two’s complement (B2C) and MUX circuits, while DesignII combines binary two’s complement and MUX circuits in one circuit. DesignI shows the lowest quantum cost, 231, regarding state-of-the-art. DesignII has a quantum cost of 199, reducing to 86.14% of DesignI. The functionality of the proposed multiplier is simulated and verified using XILINX ISE 14.2.

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Keywords

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