Open Access

ARTICLE

Constructing an AI Compiler for ARM Cortex-M Devices

Rong-Guey Chang, Tam-Van Hoang^*

Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan

* Corresponding Author: Tam-Van Hoang. Email:

Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2023, 46(1), 999-1019. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2023.034672

Received 23 July 2022; Accepted 13 November 2022; Issue published 20 January 2023

Abstract

The diversity of software and hardware forces programmers to spend a great deal of time optimizing their source code, which often requires specific treatment for each platform. The problem becomes critical on embedded devices, where computational and memory resources are strictly constrained. Compilers play an essential role in deploying source code on a target device through the backend. In this work, a novel backend for the Open Neural Network Compiler (ONNC) is proposed, which exploits machine learning to optimize code for the ARM Cortex-M device. The backend requires minimal changes to Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) models. Several novel optimization techniques are also incorporated in the backend, such as quantizing the ONNX model’s weight and automatically tuning the dimensions of operators in computations. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated for two applications: handwritten digit recognition on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset and model, and image classification on the Canadian Institute For Advanced Research and 10 (CIFAR-10) dataset with the AlexNet-Light model. The system achieves 98.90% and 90.55% accuracy for handwritten digit recognition and image classification, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed architecture is significantly more lightweight than other state-of-the-art models in terms of both computation time and generated source code complexity. From the system perspective, this work provides a novel approach to deploying direct computations from the available ONNX models to target devices by optimizing compilers while maintaining high efficiency in accuracy performance.

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Keywords

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