Open Access

ARTICLE

Ring Oscillator for 60 Meter Bandwidth

Rachana Arya^1,*, B. K. Singh²

1 E.C.E. Department, B. T. Kumaon Institute of Technology, Uttrakhnad Technical University, Dehradun, 263653, Uttrakhand, India
2 Electrical Engineering Department, B.T.K.I.T. Dwarahat, Almora, Uttrakhand, India

* Corresponding Author: Rachana Arya. Email:

Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2023, 46(1), 93-105. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2023.029220

Received 28 February 2022; Accepted 31 May 2022; Issue published 20 January 2023

Abstract

The 60-meter band range is tremendously useful in telecommunication, military and governmental applications. The I. T. U. (International Telecommunication Union) required isolationism to former radio frequency services because the various frequency bands are extremely overloaded. The allocation of new frequency bands are a lengthy procedure as well as time taking. As a result, the researchers use bidirectional, amateur radio frequency communication for 60-meter band, usually the frequency slot of 5250–5450 KHz, although the entire band is not essentially obtainable for all countries. For transmission and reception of these frequencies, a local oscillator is used in the mixer unit to generate the local signal for mixing the input and reference signals. For this function different type of oscillators are used. In this paper, a three-stage ring oscillator is designed with 1 V supply. Ring oscillators (RO) is the base to explore like to identifying, specify with modelling resources in the disparity in behaviour of the circuit in terms of industrialized design and layout parameters. This type of oscillators are free from noise as inductor is not used to the circuit as in LC oscillator, Heartly oscillator, Colpitt and tuned oscillators. The present approach of circuit designing, the scaling of CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor will moderate, the procedure variability. In the forthcoming article, a ring oscillator with fixed capacitor (1 pF) and with variable capacitors (1 to 100 pF) is analysed. The frequency analysis with different capacitor is performed. The total delay of 3-stage oscillator is 4.82 ns with 5.2 MHz oscillation frequency. The overall Power dissipation of the circuit is 1.852 μW at 1 V supply. The simulation analysis is performed on 45 nm CMOS technology with both transistor width are 278 and 420 nm.

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