Open Access

ARTICLE

Stacked Gated Recurrent Unit Classifier with CT Images for Liver Cancer Classification

by Mahmoud Ragab^1,2,3,*, Jaber Alyami^4,5

1 Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
2 Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Naser City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
4 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
5 Imaging Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Mahmoud Ragab. Email:

Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2023, 44(3), 2309-2322. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2023.026877

Received 06 January 2022; Accepted 10 March 2022; Issue published 01 August 2022

Abstract

Liver cancer is one of the major diseases with increased mortality in recent years, across the globe. Manual detection of liver cancer is a tedious and laborious task due to which Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) models have been developed to detect the presence of liver cancer accurately and classify its stages. Besides, liver cancer segmentation outcome, using medical images, is employed in the assessment of tumor volume, further treatment plans, and response monitoring. Hence, there is a need exists to develop automated tools for liver cancer detection in a precise manner. With this motivation, the current study introduces an Intelligent Artificial Intelligence with Equilibrium Optimizer based Liver cancer Classification (IAIEO-LCC) model. The proposed IAIEO-LCC technique initially performs Median Filtering (MF)-based pre-processing and data augmentation process. Besides, Kapur’s entropy-based segmentation technique is used to identify the affected regions in liver. Moreover, VGG-19 based feature extractor and Equilibrium Optimizer (EO)-based hyperparameter tuning processes are also involved to derive the feature vectors. At last, Stacked Gated Recurrent Unit (SGRU) classifier is exploited to detect and classify the liver cancer effectively. In order to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed IAIEO-LCC technique in terms of performance, a wide range of simulations was conducted and the results were inspected under different measures. The comparison study results infer that the proposed IAIEO-LCC technique achieved an improved accuracy of 98.52%.

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Keywords

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