Open Access

ARTICLE

Image Manipulation Detection Through Laterally Linked Pixels and Kernel Algorithms

by K. K. Thyagharajan, G. Nirmala^*

RMD Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Chennai, India

* Corresponding Author: G. Nirmala. Email:

Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2022, 41(1), 357-371. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2022.020258

Received 17 May 2021; Accepted 01 July 2021; Issue published 08 October 2021

Abstract

In this paper, copy-move forgery in image is detected for single image with multiple manipulations such as blurring, noise addition, gray scale conversion, brightness modifications, rotation, Hu adjustment, color adjustment, contrast changes and JPEG Compression. However, traditional algorithms detect only copy-move attacks in image and never for different manipulation in single image. The proposed LLP (Laterally linked pixel) algorithm has two dimensional arrays and single layer is obtained through unit linking pulsed neural network for detection of copied region and kernel tricks is applied for detection of multiple manipulations in single forged image. LLP algorithm consists of two channels such as feeding component (F-Channel) and linking component (L channel) for linking pixels. LLP algorithm linking pixels detects image with multiple manipulation and copy-move forgery due to one-to-one correspondence between pixel and neuron, where each pixel’s intensity is taken as input for F channel of neuron and connected for forgery identification. Furthermore, neuron is connected with neighboring field of neuron by L channel for detecting forged images with multiple manipulations in the image along with copy-move, through kernel trick classifier (KTC). From experimental results, proposed LLP algorithm performs better than traditional algorithms for multiple manipulated copy and paste images. The accuracy obtained through LLP algorithm is about 90% and further forgery detection is improved based on optimized kernel selections in classification algorithm.

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Keywords

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