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An Error-Correcting Code-Based Robust Watermarking Scheme for Stereolithographic Files

Zhuorong Li1, Huawei Tian2,*, Yanhui Xiao2, Yunqi Tang1, Anhong Wang3

1 School of Criminal Investigation, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, 100038, China
2 School of National Security, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, 100038, China
3 School of Electronic Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China

* Corresponding Author: Huawei Tian. Email: email

Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2021, 37(2), 247-263. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2021.013898

Abstract

Stereolithographic (STL) files have been extensively used in rapid prototyping industries as well as many other fields as watermarking algorithms to secure intellectual property and protect three-dimensional models from theft. However, to the best of our knowledge, few studies have looked at how watermarking can resist attacks that involve vertex-reordering. Here, we present a lossless and robust watermarking scheme for STL files to protect against vertex-reordering attacks. Specifically, we designed a novel error-correcting code (ECC) that can correct the error of any one-bit in a bitstream by inserting several check digits. In addition, ECC is designed to make use of redundant information according to the characteristics of STL files, which introduces further robustness for defense against attacks. No modifications are made to the geometric information of the three-dimensional model, which respects the requirements of a high-precision model. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme can survive numerous kinds of attack, including rotation, scaling and translation (RST), facet reordering, and vertex-reordering attacks.

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APA Style
Li, Z., Tian, H., Xiao, Y., Tang, Y., Wang, A. (2021). An error-correcting code-based robust watermarking scheme for stereolithographic files. Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 37(2), 247-263. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2021.013898
Vancouver Style
Li Z, Tian H, Xiao Y, Tang Y, Wang A. An error-correcting code-based robust watermarking scheme for stereolithographic files. Comput Syst Sci Eng. 2021;37(2):247-263 https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2021.013898
IEEE Style
Z. Li, H. Tian, Y. Xiao, Y. Tang, and A. Wang, “An Error-Correcting Code-Based Robust Watermarking Scheme for Stereolithographic Files,” Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 247-263, 2021. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2021.013898



cc Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Tech Science Press.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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