Open Access

ARTICLE

Comparative Design and Study of A 60 GHz Antenna for Body-Centric Wireless Communications

Kaisarul Islam¹, Tabia Hossain¹, Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan^1,*, Mehedi Masud², Roobaea Alroobaea²
1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
2 Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
* Corresponding Author: Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan. Email:
(This article belongs to this Special Issue: Sensors and Nano-sensors Technologies for Health-Care Applications)

Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2021, 37(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2021.015528

Received 25 November 2020; Accepted 24 December 2020; Issue published 05 February 2021

Abstract

In this paper performance of three different designs of a 60 GHz high gain antenna for body-centric communication has been evaluated. The basic structure of the antenna is a slotted patch consisting of a rectangular ring radiator with passive radiators inside. The variation of the design was done by changing the shape of these passive radiators. For free space performance, two types of excitations were used—waveguide port and a coaxial probe. The coaxial probe significantly improved both the bandwidth and radiation efficiency. The center frequency of all the designs was close to 60 GHz with a bandwidth of more than 5 GHz. These designs achieved a maximum gain of 8.47 dB, 10 dB, and 9.73 dB while the radiation efficiency was around 94%. For body-centric applications, these antennas were simulated at two different distances from a human torso phantom using a coaxial probe. The torso phantom was modeled by taking three layers of the human body—skin, fat, and muscle. Millimeter waves have low penetration depth in the human body as a result antenna performance is less affected. A negligible shift of return loss curves was observed. Radiation efficiencies dropped at the closest distance to the phantom and at the furthest distance, the efficiencies increased to free space values. On the three layers human body phantom, all three different antenna designs show directive radiation patterns towards off the body. All three designs exhibited similar results in terms of center frequency and efficiency but varied slightly by either having better bandwidth or maximum gain.

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Keywords

Body-centric communication; coaxial probe; high gain; millimeter-wave; 60 GHz; on-body; patch; compact antenna; antenna performance

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Citations