Open Access

REVIEW

AI-Driven Learning Management Systems: Modern Developments, Challenges and Future Trends during the Age of ChatGPT

Sameer Qazi^1,*, Muhammad Bilal Kadri², Muhammad Naveed^1,*, Bilal A. Khawaja³, Sohaib Zia Khan⁴, Muhammad Mansoor Alam^5,6,7, Mazliham Mohd Su’ud⁶

1 Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, IQRA University, Karachi, 75500, Pakistan
2 College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
3 Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. BOX 170, Madinah, 41411, Saudi Arabia
4 Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. BOX 170, Madinah, 41411, Saudi Arabia
5 Faculty of Computing, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan
6 Faculty of Computing and Informatics (FCI) Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, 63100, Malaysia
7 Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia

* Corresponding Authors: Sameer Qazi. Email: ; Muhammad Naveed. Email: