Open Access

REVIEW

AI-Driven Learning Management Systems: Modern Developments, Challenges and Future Trends during the Age of ChatGPT

Sameer Qazi^1,*, Muhammad Bilal Kadri², Muhammad Naveed^1,*, Bilal A. Khawaja³, Sohaib Zia Khan⁴, Muhammad Mansoor Alam^5,6,7, Mazliham Mohd Su’ud⁶

1 Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, IQRA University, Karachi, 75500, Pakistan
2 College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
3 Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. BOX 170, Madinah, 41411, Saudi Arabia
4 Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. BOX 170, Madinah, 41411, Saudi Arabia
5 Faculty of Computing, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan
6 Faculty of Computing and Informatics (FCI) Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, 63100, Malaysia
7 Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia

* Corresponding Authors: Sameer Qazi. Email: ; Muhammad Naveed. Email:

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024, 80(2), 3289-3314. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.048893

Received 21 December 2023; Accepted 08 April 2024; Issue published 15 August 2024

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic restrictions limited all social activities to curtail the spread of the virus. The foremost and most prime sector among those affected were schools, colleges, and universities. The education system of entire nations had shifted to online education during this time. Many shortcomings of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) were detected to support education in an online mode that spawned the research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) based tools that are being developed by the research community to improve the effectiveness of LMSs. This paper presents a detailed survey of the different enhancements to LMSs, which are led by key advances in the area of AI to enhance the real-time and non-real-time user experience. The AI-based enhancements proposed to the LMSs start from the Application layer and Presentation layer in the form of flipped classroom models for the efficient learning environment and appropriately designed UI/UX for efficient utilization of LMS utilities and resources, including AI-based chatbots. Session layer enhancements are also required, such as AI-based online proctoring and user authentication using Biometrics. These extend to the Transport layer to support real-time and rate adaptive encrypted video transmission for user security/privacy and satisfactory working of AI-algorithms. It also needs the support of the Networking layer for IP-based geolocation features, the Virtual Private Network (VPN) feature, and the support of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) for optimum Quality of Service (QoS). Finally, in addition to these, non-real-time user experience is enhanced by other AI-based enhancements such as Plagiarism detection algorithms and Data Analytics.

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Keywords

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