Open Access

ARTICLE

Enhancing Wireless Sensor Network Efficiency through Al-Biruni Earth Radius Optimization

Reem Ibrahim Alkanhel¹, Doaa Sami Khafaga², Ahmed Mohamed Zaki³, Marwa M. Eid^4,5, Abdyalaziz A. Al-Mooneam⁶, Abdelhameed Ibrahim⁷, S. K. Towfek^3,*

1 Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
3 Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research Center, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060, USA
4 Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, 35511, Egypt
5 Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura, 35712, Egypt
6 Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence Research Center, Meriden, Connecticut, 06450, USA
7 School of ICT, Faculty of Engineering, Design and Information & Communications Technology (EDICT), Bahrain Polytechnic, P.O. Box 33349, Isa Town, Bahrain

* Corresponding Author: S. K. Towfek. Email: