Open Access

ARTICLE

A Mathematical Approach for Generating a Highly Non-Linear Substitution Box Using Quadratic Fractional Transformation

Abid Mahboob¹, Muhammad Asif², Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain^3,*, Imran Saddique⁴, Hijaz Ahmad⁵, Sameh Askar⁶

1 Department of Mathematics, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
2 Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot Campus, 51310, Pakistan
3 School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
4 Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
5 Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, Roma, 39-00186, Italy
6 Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain. Email: