Open Access

REVIEW

Blockchain Security Threats and Collaborative Defense: A Literature Review

Xiulai Li^1,2,3,4, Jieren Cheng^1,3,*, Zhaoxin Shi^2,3, Jingxin Liu^2,3, Bin Zhang^1,3, Xinbing Xu^2,3, Xiangyan Tang^1,3, Victor S. Sheng⁵

1 School of Computer Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
2 School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
3 Hainan Blockchain Technology Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
4 Hainan Hairui Zhong Chuang Technol Co. Ltd., Haikou, 570228, China
5 Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, 79409, USA

* Corresponding Author: Jieren Cheng. Email: