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ARTICLE

Seung-Yeon Hwang¹, Jeong-Joon Kim^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4669-4680, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031129 - 29 April 2023
Abstract With the development of artificial intelligence-related technologies such as deep learning, various organizations, including the government, are making various efforts to generate and manage big data for use in artificial intelligence. However, it is difficult to acquire big data due to various social problems and restrictions such as personal information leakage. There are many problems in introducing technology in fields that do not have enough training data necessary to apply deep learning technology. Therefore, this study proposes a mixed contour data augmentation technique, which is a data augmentation technique using contour images, to solve a… More >

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Mahmoud Mohamed^1,2,*, Bdereddin Abdul Samad^1,3, Fatih Anayi¹, Michael Packianather¹, Khalid Yahya⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4681-4696, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.035312 - 29 April 2023
Abstract The Robogymnast is a highly complex, three-link system based on the triple-inverted pendulum and is modelled on the human example of a gymnast suspended by their hands from the high bar and executing larger and larger upswings to eventually rotate fully. The links of the Robogymnast correspond respectively to the arms, trunk, and lower limbs of the gymnast, and from its three joints, one is under passive operation, while the remaining two are powered. The passive top joint poses severe challenges in attaining the smooth movement control needed to operate the Robogymnast effectively. This study More >

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ARTICLE

Mengyue Shao¹, Jie Feng^1,*, Jie Wu¹, Haixiang Zhang¹, Yayu Zheng²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4697-4712, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036564 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Image captioning involves two different major modalities (image and sentence) that convert a given image into a language that adheres to visual semantics. Almost all methods first extract image features to reduce the difficulty of visual semantic embedding and then use the caption model to generate fluent sentences. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is often used to extract image features in image captioning, and the use of object detection networks to extract region features has achieved great success. However, the region features retrieved by this method are object-level and do not pay attention to fine-grained… More >

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ARTICLE

Muhammad Bilal^1,*, Sandile C. Shongwe², Abid Bashir³, Yazeed Y. Ghadi⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4713-4733, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037071 - 29 April 2023
Abstract To secure web applications from Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) and phishing attacks is a challenging task nowadays. For this purpose, authentication protocol plays a vital role in web communication which securely transfers data from one party to another. This authentication works via OpenID, Kerberos, password authentication protocols, etc. However, there are still some limitations present in the reported security protocols. In this paper, the presented anticipated strategy secures both Web-based attacks by leveraging encoded emails and a novel password form pattern method. The proposed OpenID-based encrypted Email’s Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (EAAA) protocol ensure security by relying… More >

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ARTICLE

Sultan Alkhliwi^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4735-4752, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037141 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Software-defined networking (SDN) algorithms are gaining increasing interest and are making networks flexible and agile. The basic idea of SDN is to move the control planes to more than one server’s named controllers and limit the data planes to numerous sending network components, enabling flexible and dynamic network management. A distinctive characteristic of SDN is that it can logically centralize the control plane by utilizing many physical controllers. The deployment of the controller—that is, the controller placement problem (CPP)—becomes a vital model challenge. Through the advancements of blockchain technology, data integrity between nodes can be… More >

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ARTICLE

Hyunkyu Shin¹, Yonghan Ahn², Mihwa Song³, Heungbae Gil³, Jungsik Choi^4,*, Sanghyo Lee^5,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4753-4766, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038362 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Recently, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based visual inspection has been developed to detect defects on building surfaces automatically. The CNN model demonstrates remarkable accuracy in image data analysis; however, the predicted results have uncertainty in providing accurate information to users because of the “black box” problem in the deep learning model. Therefore, this study proposes a visual explanation method to overcome the uncertainty limitation of CNN-based defect identification. The visual representative gradient-weights class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) method is adopted to provide visually explainable information. A visualizing evaluation index is proposed to quantitatively analyze visual representations; this… More >

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718

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ARTICLE

Abdelwahed Motwakel^1,*, Hala J. Alshahrani², Abdulkhaleq Q. A. Hassan³, Khaled Tarmissi⁴, Amal S. Mehanna⁵, Ishfaq Yaseen¹, Amgad Atta Abdelmageed¹, Mohammad Mahzari⁶
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4767-4783, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.034840 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary domain which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. The new coronavirus disease, otherwise known as Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has severely affected the everyday life of people all over the world. Specifically, since there is insufficient access to vaccines and no straight or reliable treatment for coronavirus infection, the country has initiated the appropriate preventive measures (like lockdown, physical separation, and masking) for combating this extremely transmittable disease. So, individuals spent more time on online social media platforms (i.e., Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Reddit) and expressed their… More >

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561

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ARTICLE

Meng Xu¹, Chen Shen², Jun Zhang², Zhipeng Wang³, Zhiwei Ruan², Stefan Poslad¹, Pengfei Xu^2,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4785-4803, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.034053 - 29 April 2023
Abstract As the fundamental problem in the computer vision area, image matching has wide applications in pose estimation, 3D reconstruction, image retrieval, etc. Suffering from the influence of external factors, the process of image matching using classical local detectors, e.g., scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), and the outlier filtering approaches, e.g., Random sample consensus (RANSAC), show high computation speed and pool robustness under changing illumination and viewpoints conditions, while image matching approaches with deep learning strategy (such as HardNet, OANet) display reliable achievements in large-scale datasets with challenging scenes. However, the past learning-based approaches are limited to… More >

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ARTICLE

Hanan Abdullah Mengash¹, Hamed Alqahtani², Mohammed Maray³, Mohamed K. Nour⁴, Radwa Marzouk¹, Mohammed Abdullah Al-Hagery⁵, Heba Mohsen⁶, Mesfer Al Duhayyim^7,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4805-4820, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037810 - 29 April 2023
Abstract With the flexible deployment and high mobility of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in an open environment, they have generated considerable attention in military and civil applications intending to enable ubiquitous connectivity and foster agile communications. The difficulty stems from features other than mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), namely aerial mobility in three-dimensional space and often changing topology. In the UAV network, a single node serves as a forwarding, transmitting, and receiving node at the same time. Typically, the communication path is multi-hop, and routing significantly affects the network’s performance. A lot of effort should be invested… More >

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552

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ARTICLE

Yap Bee Wah^1,5,*, Azlan Ismail^1,2, Nur Niswah Naslina Azid³, Jafreezal Jaafar⁴, Izzatdin Abdul Aziz⁴, Mohd Hilmi Hasan⁴, Jasni Mohamad Zain^1,2
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4821-4841, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.034470 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Prediction of machine failure is challenging as the dataset is often imbalanced with a low failure rate. The common approach to handle classification involving imbalanced data is to balance the data using a sampling approach such as random undersampling, random oversampling, or Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) algorithms. This paper compared the classification performance of three popular classifiers (Logistic Regression, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, and Support Vector Machine) in predicting machine failure in the Oil and Gas industry. The original machine failure dataset consists of 20,473 hourly data and is imbalanced with 19945 (97%) ‘non-failure’ and… More >

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570

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ARTICLE

Jiali Wang¹, Bing Li², Chengyu Qiu¹, Xinyun Zhang¹, Yuting Cheng¹, Peihua Wang¹, Ta Zhou³, Hong Ge², Yuanpeng Zhang^1,3,*, Jing Cai^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4843-4866, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037457 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, as recordings of brain activity, have been widely used for epilepsy recognition. To study epileptic EEG signals and develop artificial intelligence (AI)-assist recognition, a multi-view transfer learning (MVTL-LSR) algorithm based on least squares regression is proposed in this study. Compared with most existing multi-view transfer learning algorithms, MVTL-LSR has two merits: (1) Since traditional transfer learning algorithms leverage knowledge from different sources, which poses a significant risk to data privacy. Therefore, we develop a knowledge transfer mechanism that can More >

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ARTICLE

Sujie Shao, Shihan Tian^*, Shaoyong Guo, Xuesong Qiu
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4867-4891, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038280 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Internet of Vehicles (IoV) applications integrating with edge computing will significantly drive the growth of IoV. However, the contradiction between the high-speed mobility of vehicles, the delay sensitivity of corresponding IoV applications and the limited coverage and resource capacity of distributed edge servers will pose challenges to the service continuity and stability of IoV applications. IoV application migration is a promising solution that can be supported by application containerization, a technology forseamless cross-edge-server application migration without user perception. Therefore, this paper proposes the container-based IoV edge application migration mechanism, consisting of three parts. The first… More >

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972

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ARTICLE

Jiangchuan Li, Peisong He^*, Jiayong Liu, Jie Luo, Qiang Xia
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4893-4915, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036819 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Steganography techniques, such as audio steganography, have been widely used in covert communication. However, the deep neural network, especially the convolutional neural network (CNN), has greatly threatened the security of audio steganography. Besides, existing adversarial attacks-based countermeasures cannot provide general perturbation, and the transferability against unknown steganography detection methods is weak. This paper proposes a cover enhancement method for audio steganography based on universal adversarial perturbations with sample diversification to address these issues. Universal adversarial perturbation is constructed by iteratively optimizing adversarial perturbation, which applies adversarial attack techniques, such as Deepfool. Moreover, the sample diversification… More >

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547

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ARTICLE

Latifah Almuqren¹, Manar Ahmed Hamza^2,*, Abdullah Mohamed³, Amgad Atta Abdelmageed²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4917-4933, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037738 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Face recognition technology automatically identifies an individual from image or video sources. The detection process can be done by attaining facial characteristics from the image of a subject face. Recent developments in deep learning (DL) and computer vision (CV) techniques enable the design of automated face recognition and tracking methods. This study presents a novel Harris Hawks Optimization with deep learning-empowered automated face detection and tracking (HHODL-AFDT) method. The proposed HHODL-AFDT model involves a Faster region based convolution neural network (RCNN)-based face detection model and HHO-based hyperparameter optimization process. The presented optimal Faster RCNN model… More >

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ARTICLE

P. Chellamani^1,2,*, D. Ajay¹, Mohammed M. Al-Shamiri^3,4, Rashad Ismail^3,4
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4935-4953, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036321 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Graph theory has a significant impact and is crucial in the structure of many real-life situations. To simulate uncertainty and ambiguity, many extensions of graph theoretical notions were created. Planar graphs play a vital role in modelling which has the property of non-crossing edges. Although crossing edges benefit, they have some drawbacks, which paved the way for the introduction of planar graphs. The overall purpose of the study is to contribute to the conceptual development of the Pythagorean Neutrosophic graph. The basic methodology of our research is the incorporation of the analogous concepts of planar… More >

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ARTICLE

Noor Ul Sabah¹, Muhammad Murad Khan^1,*, Ramzan Talib¹, Muhammad Anwar², Muhammad Sheraz Arshad Malik³, Puteri Nor Ellyza Nohuddin⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4955-4972, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037436 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Education quality has undoubtedly become an important local and international benchmark for education, and an institute’s ranking is assessed based on the quality of education, research projects, theses, and dissertations, which has always been controversial. Hence, this research paper is influenced by the institutes ranking all over the world. The data of institutes are obtained through Google Scholar (GS), as input to investigate the United Kingdom’s Research Excellence Framework (UK-REF) process. For this purpose, the current research used a Bespoke Program to evaluate the institutes’ ranking based on their source. The bespoke program requires changes… More >

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603

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ARTICLE

Atheer Joudah^1,*, Souheyl Mallat², Mounir Zrigui¹
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4973-4984, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036483 - 29 April 2023
Abstract This survey paper aims to show methods to analyze and classify field satellite images using deep learning and machine learning algorithms. Users of deep learning-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technology to harvest fields from satellite images or generate zones of interest were among the planned application scenarios (ROI). Using machine learning, the satellite image is placed on the input image, segmented, and then tagged. In contemporary categorization, field size ratio, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) histograms, and color data are taken into account. Field satellite image localization has several practical applications, including pest management, scene analysis, More >

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ARTICLE

Tarcízio Ferrão^1,*, Franklin Manene², Adeyemi Abel Ajibesin³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4985-5007, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038276 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Currently, the Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing communication technology by facilitating the sharing of information between different physical devices connected to a network. To improve control, customization, flexibility, and reduce network maintenance costs, a new Software-Defined Network (SDN) technology must be used in this infrastructure. Despite the various advantages of combining SDN and IoT, this environment is more vulnerable to various attacks due to the centralization of control. Most methods to ensure IoT security are designed to detect Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks, but they often lack mechanisms to mitigate their severity. This paper proposes… More >

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2

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ARTICLE

Zhe Yuan^*, Zhewei Wei, Ji-rong Wen
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5009-5026, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038531 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Motif-based graph local clustering (MGLC) algorithms are generally designed with the two-phase framework, which gets the motif weight for each edge beforehand and then conducts the local clustering algorithm on the weighted graph to output the result. Despite correctness, this framework brings limitations on both practical and theoretical aspects and is less applicable in real interactive situations. This research develops a purely local and index-adaptive method, Index-adaptive Triangle-based Graph Local Clustering (TGLC+), to solve the MGLC problem w.r.t. triangle. TGLC+ combines the approximated Monte-Carlo method Triangle-based Random Walk (TRW) and deterministic Brute-Force method Triangle-based Forward Push More >

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ARTICLE

Shiming He^1,4, Meng Guo¹, Bo Yang¹, Osama Alfarraj², Amr Tolba², Pradip Kumar Sharma³, Xi’ai Yan^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5027-5047, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038551 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Sensors produce a large amount of multivariate time series data to record the states of Internet of Things (IoT) systems. Multivariate time series timestamp anomaly detection (TSAD) can identify timestamps of attacks and malfunctions. However, it is necessary to determine which sensor or indicator is abnormal to facilitate a more detailed diagnosis, a process referred to as fine-grained anomaly detection (FGAD). Although further FGAD can be extended based on TSAD methods, existing works do not provide a quantitative evaluation, and the performance is unknown. Therefore, to tackle the FGAD problem, this paper first verifies that… More >

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REVIEW

Kuldeep Sharma¹, Arun Malik¹, Isha Batra¹, A. S. M. Sanwar Hosen², Md Abdul Latif Sarker³, Dong Seog Han^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5049-5072, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.035638 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Electric smart grids enable a bidirectional flow of electricity and information among power system assets. For proper monitoring and controlling of power quality, reliability, scalability and flexibility, there is a need for an environmentally friendly system that is transparent, sustainable, cost-saving, energy-efficient, agile and secure. This paper provides an overview of the emerging technologies behind smart grids and the internet of things. The dependent variables are identified by analyzing the electricity consumption patterns for optimal utilization and planning preventive maintenance of their legacy assets like power distribution transformers with real-time parameters to ensure an uninterrupted More >

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Dawood Shah^1,*, Tariq Shah¹, Sajjad Shaukat Jamal², Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi², Amer Aljaedi³, Adel R. Alharbi³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5073-5086, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.020513 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric key cryptosystem that is applied in different cryptosystems of recent times. However, researchers found defects in the main assembling of the DES and declared it insecure against linear and differential cryptanalysis. In this paper, we have studied the faults and made improvements in their internal structure and get the new algorithm for Improved DES. The improvement is being made in the substitution step, which is the only nonlinear component of the algorithm. This alteration provided us with great outcomes and increase the strength of DES. Accordingly, a novel More >

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ARTICLE

Muhammad Attique Khan¹, Awais Khan¹, Majed Alhaisoni², Abdullah Alqahtani³, Ammar Armghan⁴, Sara A. Althubiti⁵, Fayadh Alenezi⁴, Senghour Mey⁶, Yunyoung Nam^6,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5087-5103, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033856 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Human gait recognition (HGR) is the process of identifying a subject (human) based on their walking pattern. Each subject is a unique walking pattern and cannot be simulated by other subjects. But, gait recognition is not easy and makes the system difficult if any object is carried by a subject, such as a bag or coat. This article proposes an automated architecture based on deep features optimization for HGR. To our knowledge, it is the first architecture in which features are fused using multiset canonical correlation analysis (MCCA). In the proposed method, original video frames… More >

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597

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ARTICLE

Murtada K. Elbashir¹, Alshimaa Mahmoud², Ayman Mohamed Mostafa^1,*, Eslam Hamouda¹, Meshrif Alruily¹, Sadeem M. Alotaibi¹, Hosameldeen Shabana^3,4, Mohamed Ezz^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5105-5121, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037728 - 29 April 2023
Abstract The convolutional neural network (CNN) is one of the main algorithms that is applied to deep transfer learning for classifying two essential types of liver lesions; Hemangioma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ultrasound images, which are commonly available and have low cost and low risk compared to computerized tomography (CT) scan images, will be used as input for the model. A total of 350 ultrasound images belonging to 59 patients are used. The number of images with HCC is 202 and 148, respectively. These images were collected from ultrasound cases.info (28 Hemangiomas patients and 11 HCC… More >

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558

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ARTICLE

Ch Avais Hanif¹, Muhammad Ali Mughal^1,*, Muhammad Attique Khan², Usman Tariq³, Ye Jin Kim⁴, Jae-Hyuk Cha⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5123-5140, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038120 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Gait recognition is an active research area that uses a walking theme to identify the subject correctly. Human Gait Recognition (HGR) is performed without any cooperation from the individual. However, in practice, it remains a challenging task under diverse walking sequences due to the covariant factors such as normal walking and walking with wearing a coat. Researchers, over the years, have worked on successfully identifying subjects using different techniques, but there is still room for improvement in accuracy due to these covariant factors. This paper proposes an automated model-free framework for human gait recognition in this… More >

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ARTICLE

Yuling Chen^1,2, Junhong Tao¹, Tao Li^1,*, Jiangyuan Cai³, Xiaojun Ren⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5141-5158, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037783 - 29 April 2023
Abstract With the development of cloud computing technology, more and more data owners upload their local data to the public cloud server for storage and calculation. While this can save customers’ operating costs, it also poses privacy and security challenges. Such challenges can be solved using secure multi-party computation (SMPC), but this still exposes more security issues. In cloud computing using SMPC, clients need to process their data and submit the processed data to the cloud server, which then performs the calculation and returns the results to each client. Each client and server must be honest.… More >

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ARTICLE

Kun Yang^1,2, Lei Zhao¹, Xianghui Wang¹, Mingyang Zhang¹, Linyan Xue^1,2, Shuang Liu^1,2, Kun Liu^1,2,3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5159-5176, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036401 - 29 April 2023
Abstract The diagnosis of COVID-19 requires chest computed tomography (CT). High-resolution CT images can provide more diagnostic information to help doctors better diagnose the disease, so it is of clinical importance to study super-resolution (SR) algorithms applied to CT images to improve the resolution of CT images. However, most of the existing SR algorithms are studied based on natural images, which are not suitable for medical images; and most of these algorithms improve the reconstruction quality by increasing the network depth, which is not suitable for machines with limited resources. To alleviate these issues, we propose… More >

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ARTICLE

Saleh Naif Almuayqil¹, Reham Arnous^2,*, Noha Sakr³, Magdy M. Fadel³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5177-5192, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038625 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Skin segmentation participates significantly in various biomedical applications, such as skin cancer identification and skin lesion detection. This paper presents a novel framework for segmenting the skin. The framework contains two main stages: The first stage is for removing different types of noises from the dermoscopic images, such as hair, speckle, and impulse noise, and the second stage is for segmentation of the dermoscopic images using an attention residual U-shaped Network (U-Net). The framework uses variational Autoencoders (VAEs) for removing the hair noises, the Generative Adversarial Denoising Network (DGAN-Net), the Denoising U-shaped U-Net (D-U-NET), and… More >

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ARTICLE

Yanyan Han^1,2, Wanqi Wei^2,*, Kaili Dou³, Peng Li²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5193-5211, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037756 - 29 April 2023
Abstract As the development of the modern economy is increasingly inseparable from credit support, the traditional credit investigation mode has yet to meet this demand. Because of the difficulties in conventional credit data sharing among credit investigation agencies, poor data portability, and centralized supervision, this paper proposes a data-sharing scheme for credit investigation agencies based on a double blockchain. Given the problems such as difficult data sharing, difficult recovery of damaged data, and accessible data leakage between institutions and users with non-traditional credit investigation data other than credit, this paper proposes a data-sharing scheme for credit… More >

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ARTICLE

Sobia Nawaz¹, Sidra Rasheed², Wania Sami³, Lal Hussain^4,5,*, Amjad Aldweesh^6,*, Elsayed Tag eldin⁷, Umair Ahmad Salaria^8,9, Mohammad Shahbaz Khan¹⁰
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5213-5228, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037543 - 29 April 2023
Abstract This study is designed to develop Artificial Intelligence (AI) based analysis tool that could accurately detect COVID-19 lung infections based on portable chest x-rays (CXRs). The frontline physicians and radiologists suffer from grand challenges for COVID-19 pandemic due to the suboptimal image quality and the large volume of CXRs. In this study, AI-based analysis tools were developed that can precisely classify COVID-19 lung infection. Publicly available datasets of COVID-19 (N = 1525), non-COVID-19 normal (N = 1525), viral pneumonia (N = 1342) and bacterial pneumonia (N = 2521) from the Italian Society of Medical and… More >

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ARTICLE

Meng Wang^*, Yixuan Shao, Haipeng Liu
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5229-5254, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036631 - 29 April 2023
Abstract In recent years, deep generative models have been successfully applied to perform artistic painting style transfer (APST). The difficulties might lie in the loss of reconstructing spatial details and the inefficiency of model convergence caused by the irreversible en-decoder methodology of the existing models. Aiming to this, this paper proposes a Flow-based architecture with both the en-decoder sharing a reversible network configuration. The proposed APST-Flow can efficiently reduce model uncertainty via a compact analysis-synthesis methodology, thereby the generalization performance and the convergence stability are improved. For the generator, a Flow-based network using Wavelet additive coupling… More >

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ARTICLE

José Escorcia-Gutierrez^1,*, Margarita Gamarra¹, Roosvel Soto-Diaz², Safa Alsafari³, Ayman Yafoz⁴, Romany F. Mansour⁵
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5255-5270, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033731 - 29 April 2023
Abstract A chest radiology scan can significantly aid the early diagnosis and management of COVID-19 since the virus attacks the lungs. Chest X-ray (CXR) gained much interest after the COVID-19 outbreak thanks to its rapid imaging time, widespread availability, low cost, and portability. In radiological investigations, computer-aided diagnostic tools are implemented to reduce intra- and inter-observer variability. Using lately industrialized Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms and radiological techniques to diagnose and classify disease is advantageous. The current study develops an automatic identification and classification model for CXR pictures using Gaussian Filtering based Optimized Synergic Deep Learning using… More >

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ARTICLE

Saeed Mohsen^1,2,*, Sherif S. M. Ghoneim³, Mohammed S. Alzaidi³, Abdullah Alzahrani³, Ashraf Mohamed Ali Hassan⁴
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5271-5286, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038758 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Classification of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for humans can be achieved via artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Especially, the EEG signals associated with seizure epilepsy can be detected to distinguish between epileptic and non-epileptic regions. From this perspective, an automated AI technique with a digital processing method can be used to improve these signals. This paper proposes two classifiers: long short-term memory (LSTM) and support vector machine (SVM) for the classification of seizure and non-seizure EEG signals. These classifiers are applied to a public dataset, namely the University of Bonn, which consists of 2 classes –seizure and… More >

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Muhammad Sajjad^1,*, Tariq Shah¹, Robinson Julian Serna²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5287-5305, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.035347 - 29 April 2023
Abstract In block ciphers, the nonlinear components, also known as substitution boxes (S-boxes), are used with the purpose of inducing confusion in cryptosystems. For the last decade, most of the work on designing S-boxes over the points of elliptic curves has been published. The main purpose of these studies is to hide data and improve the security levels of crypto algorithms. In this work, we design pair of nonlinear components of a block cipher over the residue class of Gaussian integers (GI). The fascinating features of this structure provide S-boxes pair at a time by fixing More >

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566

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Khalid M. O. Nahar^1,*, Mohammad Alauthman², Saud Yonbawi³, Ammar Almomani^4,5
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5307-5319, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031848 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Social media networks are becoming essential to our daily activities, and many issues are due to this great involvement in our lives. Cyberbullying is a social media network issue, a global crisis affecting the victims and society as a whole. It results from a misunderstanding regarding freedom of speech. In this work, we proposed a methodology for detecting such behaviors (bullying, harassment, and hate-related texts) using supervised machine learning algorithms (SVM, Naïve Bayes, Logistic regression, and random forest) and for predicting a topic associated with these text data using unsupervised natural language processing, such as More >

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1116

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606

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Hongyu Lin, Feng Jiang^*, Yu Jiang, Huiyin Luo, Jian Yao, Jiaxin Liu
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5321-5336, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036893 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Detecting non-motor drivers’ helmets has significant implications for traffic control. Currently, most helmet detection methods are susceptible to the complex background and need more accuracy and better robustness of small object detection, which are unsuitable for practical application scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes a new helmet-wearing detection algorithm based on the You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5). First, the Dilated convolution In Coordinate Attention (DICA) layer is added to the backbone network. DICA combines the coordinated attention mechanism with atrous convolution to replace the original convolution layer, which can increase the perceptual field of… More >

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631

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Akshaykumar Meshram^1,2, Monia Hadj Alouane-Turki³, N. M. Wazalwar², Chandrashekhar Meshram^4,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5337-5353, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037324 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) applications can be found in various industry areas, including critical infrastructure and healthcare, and IoT is one of several technological developments. As a result, tens of billions or possibly hundreds of billions of devices will be linked together. These smart devices will be able to gather data, process it, and even come to decisions on their own. Security is the most essential thing in these situations. In IoT infrastructure, authenticated key exchange systems are crucial for preserving client and data privacy and guaranteeing the security of data-in-transit (e.g., via client identification… More >

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572

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Shabir Hussain¹, Muhammad Ayoub², Yang Yu¹, Junaid Abdul Wahid¹, Akmal Khan³, Dietmar P. F. Moller⁴, Hou Weiyan^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5355-5377, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036779 - 29 April 2023
Abstract As the COVID-19 pandemic swept the globe, social media platforms became an essential source of information and communication for many. International students, particularly, turned to Twitter to express their struggles and hardships during this difficult time. To better understand the sentiments and experiences of these international students, we developed the Situational Aspect-Based Annotation and Classification (SABAC) text mining framework. This framework uses a three-layer approach, combining baseline Deep Learning (DL) models with Machine Learning (ML) models as meta-classifiers to accurately predict the sentiments and aspects expressed in tweets from our collected Student-COVID-19 dataset. Using the… More >

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Abida Sharif¹, Imran Sharif¹, Muhammad Asim Saleem², Muhammad Attique Khan³, Majed Alhaisoni⁴, Marriam Nawaz^5,6, Abdullah Alqahtani⁷, Ye Jin Kim⁸, Byoungchol Chang^9,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5379-5393, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.034413 - 29 April 2023
Abstract The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a networking paradigm related to the intercommunication of vehicles using a network. In a dynamic network, one of the key challenges in IoV is traffic management under increasing vehicles to avoid congestion. Therefore, optimal path selection to route traffic between the origin and destination is vital. This research proposed a realistic strategy to reduce traffic management service response time by enabling real-time content distribution in IoV systems using heterogeneous network access. Firstly, this work proposed a novel use of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm and formulated the path More >

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536

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Qianyi Dai^1,2,*, Bin Zhang^1,2, Kaiyong Xu^1,2, Shuqin Dong^1,2
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5395-5431, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036033 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Recently, the Erebus attack has proved to be a security threat to the blockchain network layer, and the existing research has faced challenges in detecting the Erebus attack on the blockchain network layer. The cloud-based active defense and one-sidedness detection strategies are the hindrances in detecting Erebus attacks. This study designs a detection approach by establishing a ReliefF_WMRmR-based two-stage feature selection algorithm and a deep learning-based multimodal classification detection model for Erebus attacks and responding to security threats to the blockchain network layer. The goal is to improve the performance of Erebus attack detection methods,… More >

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492

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Haya Alaskar^*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5433-5449, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.035266 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Automatic deception recognition has received considerable attention from the machine learning community due to recent research on its vast application to social media, interviews, law enforcement, and the military. Video analysis-based techniques for automated deception detection have received increasing interest. This study develops a new self-adaptive population-based firefly algorithm with a deep learning-enabled automated deception detection (SAPFF-DLADD) model for analyzing facial cues. Initially, the input video is separated into a set of video frames. Then, the SAPFF-DLADD model applies the MobileNet-based feature extractor to produce a useful set of features. The long short-term memory (LSTM) More >

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542

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Yu Chen¹, Sagar A. S. M. Sharifuzzaman², Hangxiang Wang¹, Yanfen Li¹, L. Minh Dang³, Hyoung-Kyu Song³, Hyeonjoon Moon^1,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5455-5473, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033787 - 29 April 2023
Abstract The sewer system plays an important role in protecting rainfall and treating urban wastewater. Due to the harsh internal environment and complex structure of the sewer, it is difficult to monitor the sewer system. Researchers are developing different methods, such as the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence, to monitor and detect the faults in the sewer system. Deep learning is a promising artificial intelligence technology that can effectively identify and classify different sewer system defects. However, the existing deep learning based solution does not provide high accuracy prediction and the defect class considered for… More >

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Azimbek Khudoyberdiev¹, Mohammed Abdul Jaleel¹, Israr Ullah², DoHyeun Kim^3,*
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5471-5499, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036898 - 29 April 2023
Abstract The requirement for high-quality seafood is a global challenge in today’s world due to climate change and natural resource limitations. Internet of Things (IoT) based Modern fish farming systems can significantly optimize seafood production by minimizing resource utilization and improving healthy fish production. This objective requires intensive monitoring, prediction, and control by optimizing leading factors that impact fish growth, including temperature, the potential of hydrogen (pH), water level, and feeding rate. This paper proposes the IoT based predictive optimization approach for efficient control and energy utilization in smart fish farming. The proposed fish farm control… More >

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Hong Zhu¹, Lisha Gao¹, Lei Wei¹, Guangchang Yang^2,*, Sujie Shao²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5501-5519, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.035759 - 29 April 2023
Abstract As the scale of power networks has expanded, the demand for multi-service transmission has gradually increased. The emergence of WiFi6 has improved the transmission efficiency and resource utilization of wireless networks. However, it still cannot cope with situations such as wireless access point (AP) failure. To solve this problem, this paper combines orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology and dynamic channel optimization technology to design a fault-tolerant WiFi6 dynamic resource optimization method for achieving high quality wireless services in a wirelessly covered network even when an AP fails. First, under the premise of AP… More >

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567

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Lei Zhu, Jinyue Gong, Liang Dong^*, Cong Zhang
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5521-5537, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037336 - 29 April 2023
Abstract SKINNY-64-64 is a lightweight block cipher with a 64-bit block length and key length, and it is mainly used on the Internet of Things (IoT). Currently, faults can be injected into cryptographic devices by attackers in a variety of ways, but it is still difficult to achieve a precisely located fault attacks at a low cost, whereas a Hardware Trojan (HT) can realize this. Temperature, as a physical quantity incidental to the operation of a cryptographic device, is easily overlooked. In this paper, a temperature-triggered HT (THT) is designed, which, when activated, causes a specific… More >

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512

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Meng Yang¹, Jingbing Li^1,2,*, Uzair Aslam Bhatti^1,2, Chunyan Shao¹, Yen-Wei Chen³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5539-5554, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036904 - 29 April 2023
Abstract With the development of digitalization in healthcare, more and more information is delivered and stored in digital form, facilitating people’s lives significantly. In the meanwhile, privacy leakage and security issues come along with it. Zero watermarking can solve this problem well. To protect the security of medical information and improve the algorithm’s robustness, this paper proposes a robust watermarking algorithm for medical images based on Non-Subsampled Shearlet Transform (NSST) and Schur decomposition. Firstly, the low-frequency subband image of the original medical image is obtained by NSST and chunked. Secondly, the Schur decomposition of low-frequency blocks… More >

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544

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5

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Song Yu^*, Chen Wang
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5555-5571, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038162 - 29 April 2023
Abstract PM_2.5 has a non-negligible impact on visibility and air quality as an important component of haze and can affect cloud formation and rainfall and thus change the climate, and it is an evaluation indicator of air pollution level. Achieving PM_2.5 concentration prediction based on relevant historical data mining can effectively improve air pollution forecasting ability and guide air pollution prevention and control. The past methods neglected the impact caused by PM_2.5 flow between cities when analyzing the impact of inter-city PM_2.5 concentrations, making it difficult to further improve the prediction accuracy. However, factors including geographical information such… More >

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506

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Zhanyang Xu¹, Jianchun Cheng^1,*, Luofei Cheng¹, Xiaolong Xu^1,2, Muhammad Bilal³
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5573-5595, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037287 - 29 April 2023
Abstract Federated learning has been used extensively in business innovation scenarios in various industries. This research adopts the federated learning approach for the first time to address the issue of bank-enterprise information asymmetry in the credit assessment scenario. First, this research designs a credit risk assessment model based on federated learning and feature selection for micro and small enterprises (MSEs) using multi-dimensional enterprise data and multi-perspective enterprise information. The proposed model includes four main processes: namely encrypted entity alignment, hybrid feature selection, secure multi-party computation, and global model updating. Secondly, a two-step feature selection algorithm based… More >

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782

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V. Banupriya^1,*, S. Anusuya²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5597-5613, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.038696 - 29 April 2023
Abstract In the modern world, one of the most severe eye infections brought on by diabetes is known as diabetic retinopathy (DR), which will result in retinal damage, and, thus, lead to blindness. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) can be well treated with early diagnosis. Retinal fundus images of humans are used to screen for lesions in the retina. However, detecting DR in the early stages is challenging due to the minimal symptoms. Furthermore, the occurrence of diseases linked to vascular anomalies brought on by DR aids in diagnosing the condition. Nevertheless, the resources required for manually identifying… More >

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609

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Peicheng Shi^1,*, Zhiqiang Liu¹, Heng Qi¹, Aixi Yang²
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5615-5637, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037794 - 29 April 2023
Abstract In complex traffic environment scenarios, it is very important for autonomous vehicles to accurately perceive the dynamic information of other vehicles around the vehicle in advance. The accuracy of 3D object detection will be affected by problems such as illumination changes, object occlusion, and object detection distance. To this purpose, we face these challenges by proposing a multimodal feature fusion network for 3D object detection (MFF-Net). In this research, this paper first uses the spatial transformation projection algorithm to map the image features into the feature space, so that the image features are in the… More >

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