Open Access

ARTICLE

MSCNN-LSTM Model for Predicting Return Loss of the UHF Antenna in HF-UHF RFID Tag Antenna

Zhao Yang¹, Yuan Zhang¹, Lei Zhu^2,*, Lei Huang¹, Fangyu Hu³, Yanping Du¹, Xiaowei Li¹

1 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
2 Postal Industry Technology R&D Center, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
3 Collage of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China

* Corresponding Author: Lei Zhu. Email:

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023, 75(2), 2889-2904. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.037297

Received 29 October 2022; Accepted 23 December 2022; Issue published 31 March 2023

Abstract

High-frequency (HF) and ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) dual-band radio frequency identification (RFID) tags with both near-field and far-field communication can meet different application scenarios. However, it is time-consuming to calculate the return loss of a UHF antenna in a dual-band tag antenna using electromagnetic (EM) simulators. To overcome this, the present work proposes a model of a multi-scale convolutional neural network stacked with long and short-term memory (MSCNN-LSTM) for predicting the return loss of UHF antennas instead of EM simulators. In the proposed MSCNN-LSTM, the MSCNN has three branches, which include three convolution layers with different kernel sizes and numbers. Therefore, MSCNN can extract fine-grain localized information of the antenna and overall features. The LSTM can effectively learn the EM characteristics of different structures of the antenna to improve the prediction accuracy of the model. Experimental results show that the mean absolute error (0.0073), mean square error (0.00032), and root mean square error (0.01814) of the MSCNN-LSTM are better than those of other prediction methods. In predicting the return loss of 100 UHF antennas, compared with the simulation time of 4800 s for High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), MSCNN-LSTM takes only 0.927519 s under the premise of ensuring prediction accuracy, significantly reducing the calculation time, which provides a basis for the rapid design of HF-UHF RFID tag antenna. Then MSCNN-LSTM is used to determine the dimensions of the UHF antenna quickly. The return loss of the designed dual-band RFID tag antenna is and at 13.56 and 915 MHz, respectively, achieving the desired goal.

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Keywords

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